252 
Tick Ahnonnalities 
as will be seen by reference to Parasitology, in. 408, Fig. 1. This 
abnormality suggests that the circular anal grooves may be a primitive 
character in Ixodes. Anal grooves converging to a point behind occur in 
I. ugandanus Neumann, 1906, 7. auslraliensis Nn. 1904, and I. holocyclus 
Nn. 1899, whilst horse-shoe-shaped anal grooAms occur in the African 
forms 7. lunulatus Nn. 1907, 7. scliillingsi Nn. 1901, 7. pilosus Koch, 
1844, 7. daveyi Nuttall, 1910, and 7. oldi Nuttall, 1910. The horse¬ 
shoe-shaped anal grooves may be regarded as intermediate between 
the closed grooves above mentioned and those that run backward 
without converging posteriorly, i.e. the parallel type of anal grooves 
usually seen in Ixodes $. 
Specimen 3. 
(Fig. 3.) Haemaphysalis leachi (Audouin, 1827), d (N. 1085, 
from Indian Museum 5994/10), found on Canis aureus in the Museum 
Compound, Calcutta, shows no festoons either dorsally or ventrally on 
Fig. 3. Haemaphysalis leachi (Indian form) Abnormal: absence of festoons on the 
right side. 
the right side, which appears atrophied. (The short body is character¬ 
istic of the Indian form of this species.) A normal d is illustrated in 
Parasitology, vi. 308, Fig. 5. 
Specimen 4. 
(Fig. 4.) Rhipiceplialus sanguineus (Latreille, 1804), d (N. 1210, 
from Indian Mus., 810a/10), found on a dog, on the Puri-Orissa Coast, 
India, shows underdeveloped adanal shields on the right side, together 
with a corresponding partial absence of the festoons. A normal d is 
illustrated in Parasitology, vi. 74, Figs. 23-24. 
