VETERINARY MATERIA MEDIC A. 
113 
instead of bark in inflammatory affections assuming the typhoid 
form, and particularly where there is danger of irritating the in¬ 
testinal canal. It is administered in the same dose and form as 
the canella, and should be combined with the same adjuvants 
and corrigents as the other vegetable and mineral excitants. 
Cloves are very powerful stimulants. Being administered 
internally, they warm and rouse the stomach, quicken the circu¬ 
lation, and give renewed activity to every function. They are 
used in powder, or in infusion whether aqueous or spirituous, in 
doses from four to eight drachms. Being retained in the mouth, 
they increase the salivary discharge. 
ISutmeg. —The oil has been recommended in veterinary prac¬ 
tice for the relief of local spasms, and in tetanus and chorea; 
but the uncertainty of its action and the greatness of its price 
have caused it to fall into disuse. The nutmeg is an energetic 
stimulant, and may occupy the same rank as the clove, and may 
be employed in the same dose, and under the same circum¬ 
stances. It is frequently used by farriers in inflammation of the 
bowels accompanied by colic, and in many other diseases, in 
which every stimulant is imperiously counter-indicated. 
Black Pepper is a powerful excitant. In its local action it is 
almost a rubefacient. Applied to a mucous membrane, it causes 
inflammation, and augments the usual secretion. Administered 
in a proper, dose it produces general excitement, powerful and 
lasting. It is a warm stomachic and aphrodisiac. It is given to 
large animals in doses of from four to eight drachms; it should 
be used, however, with caution, and the state of the digestive 
organs should be previously ascertained. It is sometimes exhibited 
in the form of a troche to promote .expectoration. Mixed with 
greasy or resinous matter, it makes a useful digestive or resolvent 
ointment. 
Ginger resembles pepper in its medicinal effect. Combined 
with vinegar, it is used in many of the contagious diseases of 
cattle, and in dropsy. It is given in doses of from four to eight 
drachms. 
Snake-root. —This is a powerful and permanent stimulant. 
Its influence is promptly extended to the circulatory and exhalent 
systems. It is beneficial in cases of chronic debility. It is one of 
those medicines the use of which should be continued for a con¬ 
siderable time. Its effect gradually becomes more powerful and 
lasting. It is said to be an excellent remedy against the bites of 
serpents, and thence it derives its name. The dose for large 
animals varies from one to three ounces, and, for small animals, 
lrom two to four drachms. Jt is often associated with other 
stimulants, as muriate of ammonia, bark, and gentian. 
