CASES OF TRACHEOTOMY. 
690 
cle of dust in the balance, when set in opposition to the advan¬ 
tages ; for the expense is very little, and, when proper care is 
taken of the animals after the operation, death is of rare occur¬ 
rence. 
The aim of the stock farmer is to improve the breed of his 
sheep; but among numerous flocks there are every year a great 
number of small lambs which are unfit for this purpose: in such 
cases, spaying and castration are generally resorted to, and then 
they graze without possibility of propagating their dwarfish race 
among the flock ; they are afterwards sold fat, and, instead of 
sustaining loss, the owner may draw profit from them. In such 
stocks, a number of the breeding ewes are every year getting too 
old, and in all such cases they should be spayed, as they will 
then soon become fat, and may be sold to advantage. In the 
same state, and for the same reason, tups should be castrated. 
The animals subjected most commonly to the operation of spay¬ 
ing, are queys, ewes, pigs, and bitches; queys and pigs are most 
generally done in Dumfrieshire, Galloway, Ayrshire, and Argyle- 
shire : in some of them all the queys and pigs, except those kept 
for breeding, are spayed. 
On bitches, the operation is difficult, but they generally stand 
it well: it is not of so much advantage to the owner of them as 
to the owner of most other animals, as they uniformly become 
fat, lazy, and inclined to sleep. 
The advantages which the owner derives from the spaying of 
queys and pigs are, perhaps, still greater than those derived 
from the spaying of ewes. But as I have already endeavoured 
to enumerate some of the most prominent of these advantages, all 
further remarks would be superfluous. 
UNSUCCESSFUL AND SUCCESSFUL CASES 
OF TRACHEOTOMY. 
By Mr. Charles Clark, Stamford Street , London . 
CASE I. ^ \ f n ^f 
In the month of April last, I was called to see a black mare at 
Wanstead, about twelve miles from town. She had been the 
property of a butcher, and was a remarkably fast trotter, of the 
Norfolk breed ; and though aged, she had every appearance of 
soundness and health, excepting that for some years she had 
been a confirmed roarer. Shortly before I saw her, she had 
been attacked with inflammation of the lungs, which left such a 
difficulty of breathing, that she could not at that time walk 
more than a few steps without danger of suffocation, and the 
