PATHOGNOMIC SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC PLEURISY. 353 
The functions of the skin being* gradually reestablished, it 
becomes supple, and the animal begins to re-acquire fat in pro¬ 
portion as the coat becomes sleek and glossy. 
We have never seen pleurisy terminate in gangrene. Hurtrel 
d’Arboval says that this termination will be probable when the 
symptoms have succeeded each other with great rapidity, and 
when, in spite of all our care, death succeeds about the fourth 
or fifth day. He adds,that gangrene is generally preceded by a 
bloody or vellow-coloured effusion. It remains to be ascertained, 
whether by auscultation or percussion we can distinguish the 
approach of this fatal winding up of the disease. Effusion exist¬ 
ing so early as the fourth day would render it probable; but it 
is only when there is gas in the thoracic cavity, indicated by a 
strong resonance, and other symptoms of gangrene of the inter¬ 
nal viscera, that we can venture to predict this fatal, but, hap¬ 
pily, rare termination of the disease. 
Pathognomic Symptoms of Chronic Pleurisy. 
E. Chronic pleurisy—Chronic effusion—Hydrothorax. —We 
unite the pathognomic signs of hydrothorax to those of chronic 
pleurisy, seeing that in the majority of cases hydrothorax is the 
symptom or the consequence of the continuance of this malady. 
It is only in a few cases that hydrothorax follows other diseases, 
as affections of the heart or the larger bloodvessels, or chronic 
pneumonia, or dropsy of the abdomen. 
In all the domestic animals, loss of flesh, dryness and heat of the 
skin, dull colour of the hair, paleness of the mucous membranes, 
serous infiltration of them, debility, are the syrpptoms which ge¬ 
nerally accompany serous effusions: they would, to a consider¬ 
able degree, confirm our diagnostic of the union of chronic pleu¬ 
risy with dropsy of the chest, but they would not assure it, so that 
we must turn our attention to various local symptoms. The in¬ 
spiration is prolonged—the expiration short and irregular; ab¬ 
sence of the respiratory murmur in the inferior part of the chest; 
increase of it, and distinct resonance in the superior part. These 
symptoms will likewise indicate the progress of the effusion. The 
sound produced by the liquid, properly speaking, will rarely bo 
found; it will often consist only of a sort of gurgling, or rather the 
dead sound of a liquid shut up in a cask. In smaller animals, the 
absence of the respiratory murmur can be changed and displaced 
at will, by altering the position of the animal in the way already 
described. If, in the dog, the effusion exists only on one side, 
there will be a contrast in the symptoms. The side on which the 
effusion is will only yield a dull resonance, and the respiratory 
