678 MR. YOUATTS VETERINARY LECTURES. 
as it proceeds downward, and has its greatest width where it lies 
between the lachrymal and superior maxillary bones. It then 
comes in contact with the process of the anterior maxillary, where 
it begins, in a very slight degree, to become narrow. Leaving 
this bone, it proceeds forward about half the length of the corre¬ 
sponding portion of the nasal in the horse, very little diminishing in 
width, and terminates in two apices or points ; so that each bone 
being bifurcated, and the inner apex of each uniting, the nasal 
bones end in three points, springing from an extended surface. 
This portion of the nasal bone is short, because the anterior 
maxillary being in the ox devoid of teeth, is comparatively small; 
it is, however, bifurcated and wide, for the greater attachment of 
muscle and cartilage. The muzzle of the ox is very different from 
that of the horse. It is broad, thick, and strong, for it has to 
compress and to hold the grass firmly until it is partly cut and 
partly torn by the pressure of the incisors of the lower jaw on 
the pad, which occupies the place of the teeth in the upper one. 
This bone presents a more regular convexity without than the 
nasal bone of the horse does, and its concavity is likewise dif¬ 
ferent. We have not the large, almost uniform arch of the inter¬ 
nal surface of the nasal bone of the horse, but a distinct gutter or 
channel running along the upper portion of the arch ; and the 
lower portion of the internal surface, although presenting a flat 
appearance, in point of fact forming part of the larger arch of 
the whole cavity. This upper and smaller channel corresponds 
with the upper meatus in the nasal cavity in the horse—the inter¬ 
posed space between the turbinated and nasal bones; and as I 
shall have to shew you that this is the portion of the cavity most 
connected with the sense of smell, while the others are mere air- 
passages, or for the discharge of fluids, we can account for the 
greater size of this meatus in the ox, who needs and has a more 
acute sense of smell than the horse, on account of his feeding 
more in the pastures, and not being so perfectly domesticated. 
As the nasal bones are not so firmly united to the surrounding 
ones as in the horse, and if a violent blow should fall on them they 
are more likely to be displaced or fractured, the interposition of 
this enlarged upper meatus will remove the turbinated bones 
beneath more out of the reach of danger. 
In the sheep we recognize another form and connexion of the 
nasal bones—more developed posteriorly than those of the ox, 
but far less so than in the horse—enclosed above, like the ox, by 
a crescentic border of the frontals, instead of a process of the 
frontals beino* received between them—separated from all contact 
with the lachrymals by a sharp process of the frontal insinuating 
itself between the nasal and lachrymal bones—pushed down into 
