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Theory and Practice of Dipping 
two months ninety-six deaths occurred. From December to the end of 
June, 1912, only ten deaths occurred! The authors do not state 
whether an emulsion-dip or a plain solution of sodium arsenite was 
used—a very important point in a case where it was necessary to be so 
very particular about wetting the whole surface of the animal. It 
may be pointed out that the stock was native-owned, a fact that would 
considerably reduce the chances of efficient control. Manning and 
During estimate the cost of dipping as \d. per head, and on this basis 
the cost of dipping, in the case cited above, would be approximately 
£52. If, by inoculation, the mortality was 30 per cent., the total loss 
on a valuation of £5 per head would have been £750. Moreover, if 
inoculation had been practised, the stock would still have remained 
infective, whereas with continued dipping, the disease would have been 
stamped out. As a matter of fact, instructions for inoculation were 
issued, and to obtain a supply of the necessary virus twenty head were 
placed on the most heavily infected ground, but as they were regularly 
dipped, ‘none of them became infected.’ In their concluding remarks, 
the authors state ‘practically no more cases of East Coast Fever have 
since occurred on these combined farms.’ 
Surely this is proof enough! 
REFERENCES. 
The papers cited below form a small part only of the numerous 
papers dealing with the subject of dipping, but they are the most 
important from our point of view and are those to which reference has 
been made in our paper. 
Since 1905 practically the only detailed scientific work on the subject 
published in South Africa, is that of Lieut.-Col. H. Watkins-Pitchford 
(1909, 1910 and 1911). These separate papers have since been 
published collectively in the form of a pamphlet (1911a), and it is 
from this reprint that our references are cited. 
An ‘Inquiry into Dips and Dipping in Natal’ was made by Sir 
Arnold Theiler and Mr C. E. Gray, the results of which were published 
in the Cape Agricultural Journal. The data obtained, although of the 
greatest interest as giving the opinions of farmers, are not, of course, 
of much value from a purely scientific aspect. 
Anon. (1910). Cattle Dipping Tanks, and how to construct them. Agric. Journ. 
Cape of Good Hope, xxxvii, 33-37. 
Brunnich, J. C. and Smith, F. (1914). Factors influencing efficacy and deterioration 
of cattle-dipping fluids. Queensland Agric. Journ., Brisbane, 81-92. 
