70 
That southern and western influences were in action 
elsewhere soon after, is shown by the fauna of the Severn 
drifts, the West Indian Olive (0. jispiclea, apparently, from 
Strickland’s sketch in Newer Pliocene Geology), and a large 
Bulla in the Worcester gravels, and the presence of' Cardium 
aculeatum , C. tuberculatum , Mactra glauca , Cytherea chione , 
and other species so far north as Leyland, near Preston, 
Lancashire, which have their nearest chief habitat in the 
extreme west of England and the Channel Islands indicating 
this. 
Reasoning from the fauna, the further opening of the 
channel was subsequent to that of the Severn straits as shewn 
by the contents of the raised beaches in Torbay, and on 
Portland Bill, and these latter deposits I take to represent 
the deposits now removed, accumulated between the formation 
of the earlier “ mud deposit ” and the erratic blocks so often 
referred to, the fauna being equivalent to the intermediate 
temperature, or as put by Dr. Gwyn-Jeffreys is “ rather 
southern than northern but not containing species peculiar to 
either area.” My own researches in these beds and the species 
subsequently added to the lists upon which those remarks 
were based, confirm the statement. 
It is a little noticeable as a coincidence that while the 
lowest strata in Kent’s Hole, Torquay, yield only terrestrial 
relics, the higher cave earth has produced introduced shells 
and other debris of marine origin. 
The lists of species given from Torbay and Portland Bill 
are compiled from various sources but have in nearly eveiy 
instance been verified from my own observations. 
C 
a 
rO 
5-i 
Adeorbis subcarinata . .. 
r\ 
hH 
T.ittorina nhtusafa. 
Aporrhais pes pelicani . 
X 
,, rudis . 
Buccinum nndatinn ... 
X 
Mnrex erinaeeus . . 
Ceritliium reticulatum . 
X 
_ 
Nassa incrassata . 
Cyliehna cylindracea.. . 
,, reticulata. 
JDefrancia linearis. 
X 
Xatic.n alderi 
Fusus gracilis. 
Patella vulgata . 
,, jeftivysianus . . . 
-— 
Pleurotoma bracbystoma .. 
Helcion pellucidum .. . 
X 
,, nebula 
Lacuna puteolus . 
x 
turn enla. 
Littorina littorea . 
X 
,, striolata. 
X X 
X X 
X 
X 
X X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
