3 
Length of Cranium. —Measured with callipers from the most prominent 
part of the projection between the eyebrows (glabella) to the most distant 
point at the back of the head in the middle line. Care should be taken 
to keep the end of the callipers steady on the glabella by holding it there 
with the lingers, while the other extremity is searching for the maximum 
projection of the head behind. 
Breadth of Cranium. —The maximum breadth of head, which is usually 
about the level of the toj) of the ears, is measured at right angles to the 
length. Care must be taken to hold the instrument so that both its points 
are exactly on the same horizontal level. 
Face Length. —This is measured from the slight furrow which marks 
the root of the nose, and which is about the level of a line drawn from the 
centre of the pupil of one eye to that of the other, to the under part of the 
chin. Should there be two furrows, as is often the case, measure from 
between them. 
Ujiyer Face Length. —From root of nose to the interval between the two 
central front teeth at their roots. 
Face Breadth. —Maximum breadth of face between the bony projections 
in front of the ears. 
Inter-ocular Breadth. —Width between the internal angles of the eyes. 
While this is being measured the subject should shut his eyes. 
Bigonial Breadth .—Breadth of face at the outer surface of the angles 
of the lower jaw below the ears. 
Nose Length .—From the furrow at root of nose to the angle between 
the nose and the upper lip in the middle line. 
Breadth of Nose .—Measured horizontally across the nostrils at the 
widest part, but without compressing the nostrils. 
Height of Head.—The head should be so held that the eyes look straight 
forward to a point at the same level as themselves— i.e ., die plane of vision 
should be exactly horizontal. The rod of the Anthropometer should be 
held vertically in front of the face of the subject, and the upper straight 
arm should be extended as far as possible and placed along the middle 
line of the head ; the shorter lower arm should be pushed up to the lower 
surface of the chin. When measured with the square the depending bar 
must be held vertically in front of the face (with the assistance of the 
spirit-level or plumb-line), and the small set-square passed up this arm 
from below in such a manner that its horizontal upper edge will come into 
contact with the lower contour of the chin. The distance between the 
lower edge of the horizontal bar of the square and the upper edge of the 
set-square can be read off, and this will be the maximum height of the 
head. 
Height of Cranium. —The head being held in precisely the same manner 
as in measuring the height of the head, the instrument is rotated to the 
left side of the head, its upper bar still resting on the crown, and the 
recording arm (or the set-square) is pointed to the centre of the line of 
attachment of the small projecting cartilage in front of the ear-hole. 
Note.— It is essential that these rules should be strictly followed in 
order to secure accuracy. All measurements must be made in millimetres. 
If possible, the subject’s weight should be obtained, and recorded in the 
place set apart for remarks. The observer is recommended to procure 
‘ Notes and Queries on Anthropology,’ 2nd edition, from the Anthropo 
logical Institute, 3 Hanover Square, London, W. ; net price, 3 s. 6d. 
