40 
In the Borobridge i 65 N.W. Leckby Carr and Copgrove. 
and Ripon District. \ 64N.W. Tanfield Hall Carr, Stavely Carr. 
In 1790 these places were remarkable for their characteristic 
Flora. By 1893 most of these carrs and commons had been 
drained. The character of the Flora has been altered, and 
in many instances the native plants have disappeared. 
The withdrawal of the water from the roots of Carices, 
&c., affects many of the moisture loving species. In other 
cases the plants are endeavouring to adapt themselves to their 
altered condition, and may contrive to survive, but most of 
the bog-loving species have already, or soon will, become 
extinct in these carrs. 
As some of the Carices attain their austral, and others their 
boreal, limit in Yorkshire it is necessary that some notice 
should be taken of these particular plants. 
Any information regarding the appearance or disappearance 
of these sedges, or the drainage of the carrs, will be gladly 
received and acknowledged by your Honorary Curator. 
Beginning with the most local species we possess, viz.— 
Carex paradoxa AVilld, there are specimens in your Herbarium 
labelled, “ Heslington Fields, 1842. Richard Spruce and 
James Backhouse. Junr.” “ Heslington Fields, 1842-3. 0. 
A. Moore.'’ The late Dr. Spruce was the first to record this 
Carex for Yorkshire (1842). The distribution of this Carex 
extends throughout the northern and arctic parts of Europe 
and Siberia. In England its distribution is extremely local. 
It occurs in Askhani Bogs, York, and Pansanth, E. Norfolk. 
It is not known to occur in Scotland, and in Ireland it is 
limited to AVestmeath. The Heslington habitat is in the S.E. 
v. county, whereas the Askham Bogs locality is in N.W. 
Owing to the drainage and enclosing operations this species 
has long ceased to exist in Heslington fields, and the destruc¬ 
tion of a vice-county record is a thing to be noted. 
Carex axillaris (Good) is a very interesting species which 
reaches its boreal limit in Yorkshire. The particular ponds 
and adjoining land near Dringhouses where, in 1842, the late 
Dr. Spruce gathered this Carex, have been drained, and market 
gardens and terraces of cottages now (1893) occupy the site. 
Of the other specimens of Carex axillaris those collected by 
