S.A* NAT., VOL. XV- 
78. South Australian Shells. June 12tii, 1934. 
with sometimes a large superior tooth. Type— Trochus phara- 
oniiis Linne (Red Sea). Distribution—Indo-Pacific, Mediter¬ 
ranean. Animal with four pairs of tentacular filaments on the 
epipodial line. Coasts of Southern Australia are rich in Clanculus 
species, some of which are common. 
The varied species of Clanculus occurring in S.A. may be' 
arranged in six subgenera:— 
Macroclanculus subgen. nov. Large, fairly solid, finely 
sculptured, umbilicus wide and shallow; columella entering it 
and strongly wrinkled with but a comparatively narrow tooth at 
the base; umbilical margin almost smooth; outer lip wrinkled 
within to the edge. Type— Clanculus undatus Lamarck. Ch 
vndatus may be subgenerically separated from C. pharaoniiis on 
the columellar and umbilical features mentioned above. 
Euriclanculus subgen. nov. Small, depressed, squat, thick, 
rather coarsely sculptured shells; umbilicus wide and deep; colu¬ 
mella entering it and coarsely wrinkled, a prominent tooth below: 
outer lip irregularly wrinkled within but not margined as in 
C. pharaoniiis. Type— C. jlagellatus Philippi. The following 
may be located here:— C. limbatus, per sonatas, maxillatus , anus . 
MicrocIancuSus subgen. nov. Type— C . euchelioides fate. 
That shell naturally separates itself from typical Clanculus (re¬ 
stricted), by the simplicity of the apertural and umbilical charac¬ 
ters combined with those afforded by the sculpture, and warrants 
distinction subgenerically. 
Isoclanculus subgen. nov. Very narrowly umbilicate; spirals 
with granular zones, obliquely striated between the zones, and a 
prominent granular spiral near the suture renders the spire stair- 
like. T\ pe— C. yatesi Crosse. C. ringens Menke. C. dunkeri 
Koch and the variants of yatesi—raphaeli Tenison-Woods, menkei 
Adams <x Angas, philomenae Tenison-Woods, purpur at us Pilsbry , 
aloysii Tenison-Woods, phUippi Koch, cons per sus A. Adams, are 
also included. 
Mesocianculus Iredale 1924 (subgenus). Type— C. pleb- 
ejus Philippi. The false umbilicus, with the columella joining 
on the outside, differentiates C. plebejus from typical Clanculus. 
\\ e also include C consobrinus Tate, C. multicarinatus Tenison- 
W oeds and C. ochroleucus Philippi. C. denticulatus Gray may be 
included ncre though it has a rather distinctive tooth on the inner 
edge of the umbilical margin above, near the columella. 
Euclanculus subgen. nov. Medium sized, top-shaped, thin, 
finely closely sculptured; columella distinctive, entering the deep 
umbilicus, sharply folded back longitudinally, smooth, with a 
median prominence and basal tooth. Type— C. leucomphalus 
\ erco. y 
