“ (6) The cseca are functional (2 inches long in a specimen of Coracias garrula ; inch 
in Eurystomus). 
“ (7) The exjyansor secundariorum is present. 
“ (8) Of the leg-muscles important for classificatory purposes the amhiens is absent, the semi- 
tendimsus, accessory semitendinosus, and femoro-caudal are present; the formula 
being thus (on Garrod’s principle) A X Y. 
“ (9) The deep flexor tendons of the foot become completely fused before giving off the 
four branches to the toes. 
“ PTERYLOSIS. 
“ The pterylosis of the Coraciidse has been described by Nitzsch * ; in a few very small particulars 
I am able to supplement his account. My observations were made for the most part upon a single 
specimen of Eurystomus orientalis. 
“ The lower surface of the throat is not continuously feathered, but the two ventral tracts are 
recognizable from the very flrst: up to the level of the ear they gradually increase in width from one 
feather up to about three ; just at the ear the ventral tracts become continuous with the feathering 
at the back of the head; but this continuity only exists for a very short space, each ventral tract soon 
recovering its independence. Nitzsch flgures the pterylosis of Coracias garrulus as if there were a 
close and continuous feathering of the throat between the mandibles: I have examined a specimen 
of this species and find that-it difi’ers in no way from Eurystomus orientalis. On the breast itself the 
feather-tract appears to me to be correctly figured by Nitzsch; the strongly feathered main tract, four 
to six feathers wide, is bordered by a weaker and more scattered feathering, which, however, leaves 
the median ventral line quite bare ; a line of strong feathers goes to the hypopteron. 
“ The dorsal pterylosis commences with a continuous covering of the back and top of the head ; it 
narrows gradually (this is not clear in Nitzsch’s figure) until between the shoulders, where the 
feathering is very strong and whence it divides into two narrow tracts; these unite again just at the 
articulation of the femora, and finally terminate a little way in front of the oil-gland. 
SYRINX. 
The syrinx of Coracias garrulus is quite a typical tracheo-bronchial syrinx. The last tracheal 
ring makes a three-way piece behind, and to the following ring, the first bronchial semiring, are 
attached the intrinsic syringeal muscles; these are slender above, but fanned out at their insertion. 
These first bronchial semirings are the only ones that are ossified ; the rest are not only much more 
slender, but soft and cartilaginous. 
* ‘ Pterylography,’ Engl. ed. by Sclater. 
