ROMAN POTTERY FOUND IN BRITAIN. 
47 
It may be remarked that the great amount of distortion and 
contraction in drying and baking that the dense clay undergoes 
produces on the sides of some examples the appearance of their 
having been turned on the wheel in one part, and simply hand¬ 
made in another part of the same vessel, numerous small holes 
going right through the sides. 
The Carlisle vase (No. 215), is in this useless condition, which 
may account for its having been thrown away unbroken. 
Hutchinson, Proc. Soc. Antiq., London. 2nd Series, XXI., 
p. 217. Pottery from late Keltic graves found at Haslemere, 
Surrey, says—“ The dark-brown paste, with traces of a black 
verma, and containing siliceous grains, so frequently seen in urn- 
fields of this date, is that most abundantly represented.’' 
It also occurs on the Continent : — Kcenen, p. 70, plate IX., 
describes rough vessels of pre-Roman technique, found in the 
Rhine district, as appearing in the fracture, reddish, grey-black 
brocklich (crumbly) and bvandavtig (burnt-like), and as exhibiting a 
considerable addition of sand, quartz, and other hard substances, 
whereby they appear porous and not so ringingly hard-baked as 
Roman vessels in general. These are of pre-Roman technique, cf. 
IX., 18a. 
Varieties of Shape.— The principal member of the group is 
the cooking-pot or olla. The shape is uncommonly uniform and 
undergoes little alteration or development throughout the period 
referred to, so that its utility for dating purposes is not great. 
The body is an elongated ovoid, with a consistently convex profile, 
but in the latest period of its survival, becomes almost conoid, 
with a slight taper downwards from shoulder towards base. 
The shoulder is high and somewhat suddenly incurved, and the 
rim turns outwards from it with an angular bend, to form a nearly 
4 round or cavetto curve. The lip is not thickened until, at a late 
date, the rim becomes often more flatly outbent, and is grooved 
or ledged round the inside for a lid. 
Mr. Arthur G. Wright, Curator, Colchester Museum, has kindly 
examined the proofs and furnished a large amount of information. 
Mr. W. Burton, M.A., has also gone over the proofs and criticised 
the technical descriptions, but for these he is not responsible. 
