Through Ruanda to Lake Kiwu 47 
It explains, also, what to the uninitiated appears to be an error— 
why the Resident in his own interests often lends his support to 
the Sultan against subordinate chiefs, instead of assisting the 
latter to rebel against him. 
Another circumstance which tends to facilitate the task of 
the Bukoba Resident is that the European power and the ad¬ 
vantage of friendly relations with Europeans is illustrated 
daily to the natives by means of the steamer traffic on the lake, 
and by the impetus given to trade and agriculture by the open¬ 
ing of the Uganda railway. In Ruanda it will not be pos¬ 
sible to reckon upon assistance from any such impressions for 
some time yet. 
The people hold their “ Mami —which is the official title of 
the Sultan—in the greatest awe and reverence. It is extremely 
rare for anyone to venture to thwart his will, for the Sultan is 
the owner of the land and all the stock, oxen, calves, goats, pigs, 
etc. The people certainly enjoy the use of them, but the Sultan 
retains the power of demanding at his pleasure the return of his 
property from his subjects. 
The population is divided into three classes—the Watussi, 
the Wahutu, and a pygmy tribe, the Batwa, who dwell chiefly in 
the bamboo forests of Bugoie, the swamps of Lake Bolero, and 
on the island of Kwidschwi on Lake Kiwu. 
The primitive inhabitants are the Wahutu, an agricultural 
Bantu tribe, who, one might say, look after the digging and 
tilling and agricultural economy of the country in general. They 
are a medium-sized type of people, whose ungainly figures be¬ 
token hard toil, and who patiently bow themselves in abject 
bondage to the later arrived yet ruling race, the Watussi. 
The immigration of the Watussi is, without doubt, connected 
with the great tribal movement which brought the Masai race to 
East Africa. The same arguments which have led observers to 
believe that the Masai came from the north and from Egypt, or 
perhaps even from Arabia, may also hold good in the case of 
the Watussi. As a matter of fact, many features common to 
both races may be discerned. The Watussi are a tall, well-made 
