164 
In the Heart of Africa 
amidst such a jumble of timber covered with dripping wet moss 
cushions, that one can only work through it with considerable 
difficulty, often sinking up to the breast in the overgrown clefts 
and hollows. 
“Finally, many of the native designations indicate that 
eruptions of Muhawura have occurred within their memory; 
whilst, on the other hand, they have no knowledge that Sabinjo 
or the volcanoes of the middle group have ever been ‘ fire-moun¬ 
tains.^ Thus, for instance, an eruptive flue on Muhawura bears 
in the native tongue the name ‘ Kabiranjuma,’ that is to say, ' the 
last bubbler ’ or ‘ last boiler,’ whilst the land lying to the north¬ 
east of Muhawura is distinguished by the title ‘ Ufumbiro,’ which 
means the smoker. 
“ The natural forces here have not had the complaisance to 
proceed exactly in the routine manner desired by man. The 
volcanic energy has certainly not worried itself much as regards 
the nice divisions into eastern and western groups, but has 
asserted itself quite independently. Muhawura is by no means 
the oldest extinct volcano of the mountain world around Lake 
Kiwu. So far as the degree of disintegration and other geo¬ 
logical indications are concerned, Sabinjo in the eastern and 
Mikeno in the central group must be regarded as the most 
ancient of the Virunga volcanoes, or at least those which have 
been quiet longest.” 
By the end of March Kirschstein had finished his labours 
in the volcanic region. As a result of his activity it was possible, 
through the kind offices of the White Fathers at Ruasa, to send 
off to the coast no fewer than seventeen loads, with lavas, scoria, 
bombs, sublimation products, etc., from the Virunga volcanoes, 
as well as two double loads of photographic plates. He himself 
wended his way over Ufumbiro and the lava fields lying to the 
north of the volcanoes, towards Rutschuru. 
