REPORT ON EXCAVATIONS, ETC. 
65 
spaced some four inches apart, zigzag on plan, between which 
were plaited, in and out, hazel boughs, one inch in diameter, 
each laid closely and alternately, and standing in some parts 
8 feet high ; the greater part had been cut down in making 
foundations, leaving an average height of 5 feet. The stockade 
was exposed for a length of 32 feet, the Coppergate end was 
not reached, and it seems towards High Ousegate it had been 
cut away for the formation of the pits. Under Coppergate 
were remains of trees, in position, and about 9 inches in 
diameter. 
Large blocks of masonry occur at N (Fig. 2.), forming one 
side of a doorway (Fig. 1). Similar stone was removed from 
a large abutment shown at M (Fig. 2). The masonry seemed 
to be Roman work, and was sandstone grit with one exception 
of magnesian limestone. The bases I J (Plate IV.) are Roman, 
and the caps G and H may also be so. 
A cobble road (Fig. 1) about five feet below present one, 
extended under the gabled houses from and parallel to High 
Ousegate for a width of six feet; beneath were paved passages 
shown on plan. The passages sloped towards Coppergate. 
A portion of a rectangular drain, formed of timber g 7 thick 
and 18'' high and 14 inches wide was taken up. 
The site of the excavations has been subject to floods, warp 
being deposited, and vegetation growing between times to be 
entombed by warp with recurring floods. The district was a 
swampy one ; the leg bones of a stork or heron were found. 
The area has been raised by warp deposits and in later times 
the road was heightened five feet, may be as a barrier between 
the two rivers when in flood. The depth of this warp deposit 
has not been reached, although penetrated three feet below 
present level of digging. 
The Tannery has been erected on the then high ground, 
whilst for washing skins, pits were sunk in the warp ; other 
portions of the area were used for refuse tips, which accounts 
for leather, bones and horns jumbled together, whilst the 
wickerwork stockade has been buried in such accumulations. 
When digging was general, as much as 20 stones of bones and 
horns were gathered in one day, 12 stones on other days, and 
with little digging two bags resulted for the day’s work. 
