72 
notes on Clifford’s tower. 
interment of a rough and primitive character. The walls of 
the keep go down to a depth of 6ft., and the foundations, lift, 
wide, rest on a bed of firm puddled clay ift. deep. 
A large number of bones was found in every part of the 
mound. Human bones were abundant, especially in the 
interior of the keep. Several skulls were discovered, one 
close to a pointed stake, but all were more or less imperfect. 
Many of the limb bones were of large size : one femur 
measured 21 inches (20m. from the top of the neck below the 
great trochanter to the fossa between the condyles). Bones of 
ox, sheep, and pig were abundant, those of horse, dog, and 
domestic fowl occurred more rarely. Many pieces of deer 
antler were found, they had been sawn off preparatory to 
manufacture into combs, skewers, buttons, &c. A few hoar 
tusks also occurred. 
Many pieces of carved magnesian limestone were found in 
the interior. Amongst them were—a moulded corbel, a splayed 
and beaded piece of parapet, an arch stone with shallow hollow 
on splay and stop stone to same, an angle of moulded arch 
with dog-tooth ornament having a five-pointed one in angle, 
a small piece with ribbed laurel leaves forming two dog teeth 
beautifully sculptured, and a defaced springer above cap to 
arcade with dog-tooth ornament similar to that in the chapel 
above the entrance. 
Various worked articles in bone and horn were found : a 
spindle whorl, some discs ijin. across and Jin. thick and 
marked with concentric circles (? for merrils or draughts), 
combs, and a roughly made ring. 
Roman pottery, especially Samian ware, was tolerably 
abundant, but there was very little mediaeval pottery. The 
bowls of seveial tobacco pipes were found, of Stuart type, and 
one bore the stamp of a fleur-de-lis and the letters N.H. ; 
another had the initials T.B. Of leather only a few pieces 
were found, evidently portions of shoes. 
A number of iron spikes and nails were taken from the 
timber work alluded to before, an iron cannon ball weighing 
171 bs. was found, an arrow head and head of crossbow bolt, 
iron ring much rusted, a small knife blade, an axe head, a 
scythe cut down to form a bill or hedger, and two pieces of 
