MINT MARKS. 
71 
the open quatrefoil with limb of cross forming the key of S. Peter. 1 
Daring the reign of Richard II. the coins bore the ‘open quatre¬ 
foil’ with other mint marks, such as an escallop after CIVITAS. 
The earlier and finer coins are assigned to Archbishop Neville, 
and the later and inferior issues to Archbishops Arundel, Waldby, 
and Scrope. The coins of Bowet, Archbishop during the reign of 
Henry V. may be those bearing a quatrefoil to the left and an 
annulet to the right and EBORAC instead of EBORACI. 
During the vacancy of Archbishop Bowet, John Esyngwold, of 
York, was entrusted with the coinage. 
From the reign of Henry VI. the Archiepiscopal coins can be 
identified with certainty for initials were placed on them. A 
farthing of John Kemp, who was Chancellor of the Exchequer 
when appointed to York, bears the King’s head between the letters 
C.I (Cancellarius Johannes) ; a similar farthing 2 has a key under 
the King’s head, but no initials. Pennies of George Neville have 
the letter G and a key on Edward IV.’s coins, those of Lawrence 
Booth have B and key, and Thomas Rotherham’s are known by 
the letter T and a key on the coinage of three Kings, namely, 
Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII. 
On June 28th, 2nd Henry VII., Thomas Gray, master of the 
mint within the palace garth of the city of York delivered unto 
William Todd, Mayor of city of York, a leather bag containing 12 
old coining irons, that is to say, 4 standers and 8 trussels. The 
Mayor sealed the bag and delivered it to John White, coiner, to 
deliver unto the exchequer at London, and from there to bring 
new graven irons unto the city of York. 
On July 19th, Thomas Cray, goldsmith, master of the mint at 
the palace of the Most Reverend Father in God, the Archbishop 
of York, appeared before the Mayor of the city of York in the 
chamber upon Ouse brig and presented unto him a sealed leather 
bag, which contained 4 standards and 8 trussels bearing the penny 
coin, sent unto him from the King’s exchequer. The Mayor 
delivered unto Gray the said 4 standards and 8 trussels, but 
reserved the bag unto himself as there was a hole in its side by 
which the said irons were taken out. 
Thomas Gray, the Archbishop’s mint master, was Sheriff of 
York in 1488, M.P., in 1495, and Lord Mayor in 1497. 
Archbishop Savage coined half groats as well as pennies, his 
coins being recognised by the key on each side of the bust of 
1 B.N.J., vol. vi. 
2 Ruding Supp. pi. 3, ii. 
