9i 
VI. ABBEY AND NUREMBERG TOKENS AND 
COUNTERS. 
(i.) HISTORICAL . 
The coinage has often been supplemented by counters and 
tokens. There are three varieties known of Edward III.’s Ward¬ 
robe Counters which bear on the reverse “ GARDE ROBE 
REGIS.” 1 
In York have been found a number of thin tokens, many which 
are in the Museum. The design of a large number of the un¬ 
inscribed ones is similar to that of the Edwardian coinage, a 
crowned head occupying the obverse and a cross the reverse. 
Other obverses have the star and crescent, animals or birds. 
The inscribed tokens are larger and are of a distinctive 
character. The obverse bears usually a shield adorned with 
fleurs-de-lys, and the reverse a cross often within a quatrefoil. 
Inscriptions of a religious nature are : “ Ave Maria Gratia Plena,” 
“Sit Nomen Domini,” or “Verbum Domini Manet In Aeternum.” 
Others bear “Vive le bon Roi de France,” “ Getes Rien Paie 
Rien,” “Lib. Mich. Als. Ich. Dign,” and “Das Sin Raipfig 
Mulbs.” 
Tokens bearing the maker’s name and Nuremberg abbreviated, 
date from about the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th 
century. One of Jog. Schultz is dated 1555, and one of Wolfgang 
Lavfer, 1619. Four families were Rechen Phenmng makers, 
namely, Schultz, of which were Jog and Hans, one of Koch, viz., 
Kilianus ; three of Krawincle, namely, Egidius, Damianus, and 
Hans (75), which last made more than all the others put together. 
Of the Lavfers there were six, viz., Hans, Matthew, Wolfgang (76), 
Chonradt, Cornelius, and Laz. Gotlieb. Some pieces bear initials 
only as C.K. 
The obverses have usually a rose surrounded by crowns and a 
fleur-de-lys alternately, whilst the usual reverse is the orb with 
cross enclosed in a geometrical figure. Other obverses have busts 
or the lion of St. Mark. A token of Hans Krawincle depicts a 
man with a table before him on which are counters and abacus, 
iN.C. 1895 , 
