398 
SUGAE MANUFACTOKY —GEOLOGY. 
Chap. XX. 
and is so named from having been the residence of a former 
native king. The proportion of slaves is only 3‘38 per cent, of 
the inhabitants. The commandant of this place, Laurence Jose 
Marquis, is a frank old soldier and a most hospitable man; he is 
one of the few who secm^e the universal approbation of their fellow- 
men for stern unflinching honesty, and has risen from the ranks to 
be a major in the army. We were accompanied thus far by our 
generous host, Edmund Gabriel, Esq., who, by his unwearied 
attentions to myself, and liberahty in supporting my men, had 
become endeared to all our hearts. My men were strongly im¬ 
pressed with a sense of his goodness, and often spoke of hun in 
terms of admiration all the way to Linyanti. 
While here we visited a large sugar manufactory belonging to 
a lady, Donna Anna da Sousa. The flat alluvial lands on the 
banks of the Senza or Bengo are well adapted for raising sugar¬ 
cane, and this lady had a sm^prising number of slaves, but some¬ 
how the estabhshment was far from being m a llomisliing con¬ 
dition. It presented such a contrast to the free-labour estabh’sli- 
ments of the Mauritius which I have since seen, where, with not 
one tenth of the number of hands, or such good sod, a man of 
colour had, in one year, cleared 5000?. by a single crop, tliat I 
quote the fact in hopes it may meet the eye of Donna Anna. 
The water of the river is muddy, and it is observed that such 
rivers have many more mosquitoes than those wliich have clear 
water. It was remarked to us here that these insects are much 
more numerous at the period of new moon than at other times; 
at any rate we were aU thankful to get away from the Senza and 
its insect plagues. 
The whole of this part of the country is composed of marly 
tufa, containing the same kind of shells as those at present ahve 
in the seas. As we advanced eastward and ascended the higher 
lands, we found eruptive trap, which had tdted up immense 
masses of mica and sandstone scliists. The mica schist almost 
always dipped towards the interior of the country, forming those 
mountain-ranges of which we have akeady spoken as giving a 
highland character to the district of Golungo Alto. The trap 
has frequently run tlirough the gorges made in the upheaved 
rocks, and at the points of junction between the igneous and 
older rocks, there are large quantities of strongly magnetic kon- 
