Chap. XXII. 
GEOLOGICAL STEUCTUEE. 
429 
west of Braganza is reported to be mountainous, well wooded and 
watered; wild coffee is abundant, and the people even make their 
huts of coffee-trees. The rivers Dande, Senza, and Lucalla, are 
said to rise in one mountain-range. Numerous tribes inhabit the 
country to the north, who are all independent. The Portuguese 
power extends chiefly over the tribes through whose lands we 
have passed. It may be said to be firmly seated only between 
the rivers Dande and Coanza. It extends inland about three 
hundred miles to the river Quango; and the population, according 
to the imperfect data afforded by the census, given annually by 
the commandants of the fifteen or sixteen districts into which it is 
divided, cannot be under 600,000 souls. 
Leaving Malange, we passed quickly, without deviation, along 
the path by which we had come. At Sanza (lat. 9° 37' 46" S., 
long. 16° 59' E.) we expected to get a Little seed-wheat, but this 
was not now to be found in Angola. The underlying rock of 
the whole of this section, is that same sandstone wliich we have 
before noticed, but it gradually becomes finer in the grain, with 
the addition of a little mica, the further we go eastward; we enter 
upon clay-shale at Tala Mungongo (lat. 9° 42' 37" S., long. 17° 
27' E.), and find it dipping a little to the west. The general 
geological structure, is a broad fringe of mica and sandstone scliist 
(about 15° E.), dipping in towards the centre of the country, 
beneath these horizontal and sedimentary rocks of more recent 
date, which form an inland basin. The fringe is not, however, the 
highest in altitude, though the oldest in age. 
While at this latter place, we met a native of Bihe who has 
visited the country of Sliinte three times, for the pm^poses of trade. 
He gave us some of the news of that distant part, but not a word 
of the Makololo, who have always been represented in the coun¬ 
tries to the north as a desperately savage race, whom no trader 
could visit with safety. The half-caste traders whom we met at 
Shinte’s, had returned to Angola with sixty-six slaves and upwards 
of fifty tusks of ivory. As we came along the path, we daily met 
long hnes of carriers bearing large square masses of bees’-wax, 
each about a hundred pounds weight, and numbers of elephants’ 
tusks, the property of Angolese merchants. Many natives were 
proceeding to the coast also on theif own account, carrying bees’- 
wax, ivory, and sweet oil. They appeared to travel in perfect 
