I. 
THE COMMON CRANE 
GRUS COMMUNIS 
PLATE I. 
The Crane, Albin, Nat. Hist. Bds. II. p. 6o, pi. 65 (1738). 
La Grue, Briss. Orn. V. p. 374, pi. XXXIII. (1760) — Daubent. PL Enl. VIII. pi. 769 — Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. VH. p. 287, pi. 14(1780)- 
Ardea GRUS, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. 234 (1766) — Gm. Syst. Nat. I. p. 620 (1788). 
Common Crane, Lath. Gen. Syn. HI. pt. I. p. 40 (1785) — Yarrell, Brit. Bds. II. p. 437 (1843). 
Grus communis, Bechst. Naturgesch. Deutschl. III. p. 60 (1793) — Dresser, B. Eur. VII. p. 337, pL 50S (1873) — Irby, Orn. Gibr. 
p. 179 (1875) — Danf. & Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1875, p. 424 — Blanf. East. Persia, II. p. 286 (1876) — Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 324 — 
Davids. & Wenden, Str. Feath. VII. p. 88 (1878) — Hume, Str. Feath. VIH. p. 112 (1879) — Scully, t. c. p. 352 — Butler, Cat. 
B. Sind, p. 69 (1879) — id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 75 (1880) — Hume & Marsh. Game B. Ind. III. p. 21, pi. 3 (1880) — Butler, 
Str. Feath. IX. p. 427 (t88i) — Reid, Str. Feath. X. p. 68 (1881) — Forbes, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 644 — Gigl. Ibis, 1881, p. 212 — 
Teget. & Blyth, Mon. Cranes, p. 59 (1881) — Davids. Str. Feath. X. p. 320 (1882) — Simson, Ibis, 1882, p. 93 — B. O. U. List, 
p. 152 (1883) — Saund. Yarr. Brit. Bds. III. p. 178 (1883) — Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 80 — Prjev. t. c. p. 243 — Blak. Amended 
List B. Japan, p. 24 (1884) — Saund. Ibis, 1884, p. 388 — Trist. Fann. & Flor. Pal. p. 126 {1884) — Bogd. Consp. Av. Imp. Ross, 
p. 106 (1884) — Reid, Ibis, 1885, p. 252 — Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 360 (1886) — Salvad. Elench. Ucc. Ital. p. 239 (1886) —Tait,Ibis, 
1887, p. 383 — Regalia, Proc.-Verb. Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. 1888, p. 86 — Pleske, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (7), XXXVI. p. 49 (1888) 
— Reichen. Syst. Verz. Vdg. Deutschl. p. 44 (1889) — Saund. Man. Brit. B. p. 507 (1889) — Gigl. Avif. Ital. i^t- Resoc. p. 555 
(1889), 2nii. Resoc. p. 652 (1890), 3rd. Resoc. p. 512 (1891) — Blaauw, Comp. List. B. Holl. & Engl.; Notes from the Leyden Museum 
XV. p. 183 {1893). - 
Grus CINEREA, Meyer & Wolf, Taschenb. II. p. 350 (rSio) — Vieill. N. Diet. XIII. p. 556 (1817) — ■ Temm. Man. d’Orn. p. 557(1820) — 
Roux, Orn. Proveng. pi. 326 (1825) — Werner, Atlas, Coureurs, pi. 17 (1828) — Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 570 (1831) — Gould, B. 
Eur. IV, pi. 270 (1837) — Naum. Vdg. Deutschl. IX. p. 345, pi. 231 (1838) — Bp. Comp. List. B. Eur. & N. Amer. p. 46 (1838) ■ — 
Crespon, Orn. Gard. p. 374 (1840) — Jerd. Madr. Journ. XI. p. 194 (1840) — Keys, und Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. LXIX (1840) —■ Selys- 
Longch. Faune Beige, p. 134 (1842) — Schl. Rev. Crit. p. c. (1844) — Miihle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 93 (1844) — Gray, List Grallae 
B. M. p. 74 (1844) — id. Gen. B. III. p. 552 (1845) — Hewits. Eggs Br. B. II. pi. LXIII. (1846) — Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 
p. 274 (1849) — Thomps. B. Irel. II. p. 131 (1850) — Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. IV p. 20 (1852) —Kjaerb. Orn. Dan. pi. XXXIIIa, fig. 2 
(1852) — Reichenb. Handb. Fulic. tab. CXXVIH. figs. 1230 — 1233 (1852) — Schleg. Vog. Nederl. Ind. pis. 258, 259 (1854) — Bp. 
Consp. Av. II. p. 97 (1854) — Jaub. & Barth. Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 351 (1859) — Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 36 — Taylor, t. c. p. 50 — 
Wolley, t. c. p. 191 — Salv. t. c. p. 355 — Schrenck, Reis. Amurl. p. 408 (1859) — Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 131 (i860) — Tristr. 
Ibis, i860, p. 76 —■ Powys, t. c. p. 348 —■ Schleg. Dier. Nederl. Vog. pi. XXVI. figs. 10, io«. (i860) — Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 243 — 
SwLnh. t. c. p 405 — Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. pi. 47, fig. 3 — Meves, J. f. O. 1862, p. 132 — Gray, List. Br. B. p. 144 (1863) — 
Radde, Reis. Sib., Vog. p. 317 (1863) — Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc., Nepal, p. 71 (1863) — Jerd. B. Ind. II. p. 664 (1864) — Adams, 
Ibis, 1864, p. 30 —- Wright, t. c. p. 142 — Newton, Ooth. Wolley. pi. E. (1864) — Schleg. Mus. P. -B. Ralli p. i (1865) — Grigl- 
Ibis, 1865, p. 59 — Saxby, Zool. 1865, pp. 9767 — 9772 — Drake, Ibis, 1867, p. 429 — Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. Eur. II. p. 274 (1867) 
— More, Ibis, 1867, p. 433 — Loche, Expl. Sci. Alger., Ois. II. p. 118 {1867) — Tristr. Ibis, 1868, p. 324 — Smith, t. c.p. 453 — 
Quistorp, J. f. O. 1868, p. 259; Swinh. Ibis, 1868, p. 353 — Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 108 (1869) — Doderl. Avif. Sicil p. 206 
(1869) — Droste, Vogehv. Borkum, p. 261 (1869) — Saund. Ibis, 1869, p. 174 — Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 44, fig. 4 {1870) — Ste¬ 
vens, Trans. Norf. Soc. 1870, p. 60 — Wyatt, Ibis, 1870, p. 17 — Elwes & Buckley, t. c. p. 233 — Swinh. Ibis, 1870, pp. 79, 362 
— id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 402 — Salvad. Faun. Ital., Ucc. pp. 238, 320 (1871) — Gurney, Ibis, 1871, p. 297 — Saund. t. c. p. 389 — 
R. Gray, B. West Scotl. p. 270 (1871) — Harting, Handb. Br. B. p. 54 (1872) — Shelley, B. Egypt., p. 263 (1872) — Brooke, Ibis, 1873, 
p. 340 — Gould, B. Gr. Brit. IV. pi. 19 (1873) — Heugl. Orn. N. O. Afr. II. pi. i. p. 1252 (1873) — Blyth, Ibis, 1873, p. 81 — 
Lloyd, t. c. p. 417 — Jevotn. Severtz. Turkest. p. 68 (1873) — Hume, Str. Feath. I. p. 255 (1873) — Adam, t. c. p. 395 — Taez. 
J. f. O. 1873, p. 100 et 1874, p. 336 — Ball, Str. Feath. II. p. 430 (1874) — P'allon, Ois. Belg. p. 156 (1875) — Sci. & Taylor, Ibis, 
1876, p. 60 — Seeb. & Harvie-—Brown, t. c. p. 311 — Radakoff. Handatl. Russ. Hist. Vog. pi. ? (1876) — Taez. Bull. Soc. Zool. 
France, I. p. 246 (1876) — et II. p. 154 (1877) — Butler, Str. Feath. IV. p. 14 (1876) — et V. p. 232 (1877) — Fairb. t. c. p. 263 — 
Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. II. p. 436 (1877) — David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 434 (1877) — Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 50 — Blak. & 
Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 224 —• Ball, Str. Feath. VII. p. 227 (1878) — Finsch, Verb. z. -b. Ges. Wien, XXIX. p. 247 (1879) — Seeb. 
