3 - 
THE MANTCHURIAN CRANE 
GRUS JAPONENSIS 
PLATE ni. 
La Grue DU JAPON, Briss. Orn. V. p. 381 {1760). 
Ardea (Grus) JAPONENSIS, MiiU. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. no (1776). 
Japan Crane, Lath. Gen. Syn. III. pt. I. p. 42 (1785). 
Grus JAPONENSIS, Gm. Syst. Nat. I. p. 621 (1788) — Seebohm, Birds Jap. Emp. p. 351 (1890) — Campb. Ibis, 1892. p. 247 —Sharpe, 
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXIII. p. 258 (i 894 ). 
Grus VIRIDIROSTRIS , Vieil. Enc. Meth. III. p. 1141 (1823) — Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863 p. 309 — Gray, Hand- 1 . Bds. III. p. 25. no. 10089 
(1871) — Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 403 et 1873 p. 512 — Tacz. J. f. O. 1873 p. 100 et 1875 p. 255 — id. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. 
p. 246 (1876) — David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 435 (1877) — Tegetmeier & Blyth, Monogr. Cranes, p. 53 (1881) — Seebohm, Ibis, 
1884 p. 178 — Blakiston, Amended List Bds. Japan, pp. 12, 41 (1884) — Tacz. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 611 et 1888 p. 468 — Styan, Ibis, 
1891 pp. 329, 502. 
Grus collaris (nec Bodd.) Temm. PI. col. Genus Grus sp. 4 (1828). 
Antigone montignesia. Bp. compt. Rend. XXXVII. p. 661 (1854) id. Consp. Av. II. p. 100 (1854). 
Grus montignesia, Scl. in Wolfs Zool. Sketches, II. pi. 46 (i86i) — Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1861 p. 369 pi. XXXV — Prjevalsky, Putesch. 
Ussuri, p. 54 (1869) — Bogd. Consp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. 109 (1884). 
Grus leucogeranus , pt. Dybowski & Parvex, J. f. O. 1868 p. 337. 
Grus LEUCAUCHEN, (nec. Temm.) Blakiston & Pryer, Bds. Japan, p. I2i {1882). 
Vernacular tiames. De chineesche Kraanvogel (Dutch); the Mantchurian Crane (English); der mandschuren Kranich 
(German); la Grue de Montigny (French); Tancho (Japanese. Prof. Ijima). 
Adult. General colour pure white, secondaries black, the innermost ones pointed, broadened and somewhat pen¬ 
dent , some of them being more or less decomposed and erectile. Throat and cheeks slaty grey or sometimes dark 
pearl grey, the same colour continuing downwards on each side and meeting towards the base of the neck behind. Some 
birds have the wing-coverts near the black inner secondaries slightly tinged with black or the feathers have black shafts. 
Forehead and crown bare, papillose, and crimson; the forehead being more or less covered according to the season with 
black hairs as far as just above the eyes. Bill greenish horn colour. Legs greyish black. Iris dark brown; culmen 6.3; 
wing 25; tail 9; tarsus 10.2; middle toe and claw 4.5 (female, Leiden Museum). — The extent of the naked skin varies 
in different individuals and according to the season. 
Immature. All the white mixed with light cinnamon brown. Neck-collar coffee brown instead of grey. Secondaries 
dull black mixed with brown. Forehead and crown not bare but covered with brown feathers. Primaries white but with 
black points. As observed on a living bird of about a year old brought from Korea. 
A bird of about 3 weeks old in the Paris museum, born in the Jardin des plantes, shows brown edges to all the 
feathers that are coming forth at that age. 
Chick. Cinnamon brown down over the whole body, being darkest on the back and shoulders and lighter on 
the under parts. Bill and legs short and of a greyish flesh colour. The big tarsal joints being lightest in shade, (birds born 
in captivity at ’s Graveland). 
^SS- Figured of the natural size plate XVII n®. 2 (Specimen laid at ’sGraveland). 
