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and Japanese, who themselves value it very highly as a bird of ornament and as furnishing a dish at a banquet which 
tends to promote longevity, and therefore do not like to part with it to Europeans. 
The first great importations of this Crane began about seven years ago, when Dr. Bolau, the Director of the 
Zoological Garden of Hamburg received them in unusual numbers from Corea, where he had a correspondent. Since that 
time these Cranes have been acquired by most of the larger continental Zoological Gardens, but not being treated properly 
most of them soon died. In 1893 the late Capt. E. W. Marshall brought home from a trip to Japan seven or eight of 
these birds, which, as he told me, had been snared for him in Corea. Now and then Mr. William Jamrach is also able 
to supply his English customers with specimens of this grand bird. 
These Cranes live well in confinement but want more care than some of the other species do. They are very 
partial to water and require a liberal supply of animal food (fish, meat, etc.). They do not do well on grain alone, and 
the more spacious the enclosure and the larger the piece of Avater at their disposal the better. In the Avater assigned to 
them they will be seen walking kneedeep the greater part of the day searching for insects and other food. They do not 
mind the cold in the least, and will stand for hours with apparent satisfaction in a hole in the ice during a severe frost. 
They are very playful amongst themselves, and are untiring in performing eccentric dances and movements, expecially 
during the pairing season. 
I have made notes about the moulting of the wing-feathers of this species, and Lord Lilford, who at my request 
had this question carefully looked into, in the case of die birds in his collection, confirms my observation that the 
primaries are all dropped at once (in the same way as with geese) rendering the birds unable to fly. In my own birds 
I found that this moult took place shortly after breeding, and that the large wing-feathers (not the small ones) are only 
shed every other year. 
Of course I cannot tell if the same thing occurs in a wild state, but in confinement I have noticed it for sermral years. 
The A’’oice of this Crane is very loud and may be heard at a very great distance. 
The trachea in this species is very much convoluted and closely resembles that of Grus communis. The trachea figured 
is from a specimen in the Zoological Museum of Berlin kindly lent to me for that purpose bj' Prof Reichenow. 
Trachea of Grus japonensis. 
