4 - 
THE HOODED CRANE 
GRUS MONACHUS 
PLATE IV. 
Grus vipio, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. II p. iii (i8ii)? 
Grus MONACHUS, Temm. PI. Col. V. pi. 555 (^835) — Gray, List Grallae Brit. Mus. p. 74 (1844) — id. Gen. Bds. III. p. 552 (1845) — 
Temm. & Schleg. Faun. Jap. p. 119. pi. 75 (1850) — Bp. consp. 11 . p. 98 (1854) — Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863 p. 309 — Radde, Reis, im 
Slid, von Ost Siberien, p. 318 (1863) — Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Ralli, p. 4 (1865) — Swinh. Ibis, 1867 p. 413 — Dybowski & Parvex, 
J. f. O. 1868 p. 337 — Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871 p. 402 — Gray, Handl. Bds. III. p. 24, n”. 10081 (1871) — Tacz. J. f. O. 1873 p. 100 
(iiber in untern Ost. Sibirien von Dr. Dybowski) et 1874. p. 336, id. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I. p. 246 (1876) — David et Oust. Ois. 
Chine, p. 434 (1877) —■ Blakiston & Pryer, Ibis, 1878 p. 224 — Prjevalsky in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. III. p. 47 (1878) — Tegetm. & 
Blyth, Monogr. Cranes, p. 71 (1881) — Blakiston & Pryer, Birds of Japan, p. I2i (1882)—-Seebohm, Ibis, 1884 p. 178 — Blakiston, 
Amended List Birds of Japan, p. 24 (1884) — Bogdanow, Consp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. io8 (1884) — Seebohm, Ibis, 1884, p. 178 — 
id. Bds. Jap. Empire, p. 353 (1890) —• Styan, Ibis, 1891 pp. 329, 502 — Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XXIII. p. 257 (1894). 
Antigone monachus, Bonap. C. R. XXXVIII. p. 661 (1854). 
Vernamlar names. The Hooded Crane (English); la Grue moine (French); de monniks kraanvogel (Dutch); der 
mdnchs Kranich (German); Nabezuru (Japanese). 
Adult. General colour above and below, slatt? grey with brownish margins to the feathers of the upper surface, 
especially visible on the wing coverts, and greyish margins to the feathers of the under-surface. Primaries and secondaries 
also the tail and its coverts, slaty black. Inner secondaries lengthened, falcated, decomposed, and drooping. Forehead 
covered with black hairlike bristles. Fore part of crown covered with a rough red skin on which are onlji a few black 
hairs, so that the red skin is visible. This red skin becomes much more apparent in the breeding season. Head and 
greater part of the neck pure white, slightly tinged with grey, except in the breeding season, when the white becomes 
pure. The white of the neck descends further down behind than it does in front, by about three inches. Bill yellowish 
horn colour. Upper-eyelids naked and of the same colouir as the bill; under eyelids covered with white feathers. Iris 
orange-brown. Legs and feet black horn-colour. (Description from a living bird at Lilford Hall). 
Total length about 34; but varying rather much. Wing 21', tail 7', tarsus 8^', middle toe & claw 4', culmen 4I', 
(Bird in the Leiden Museum). 
Immature. Radde describes birds of the year in autumn as being brownish black, but does not say what colour 
the head and neck are at that time. Older but still immature birds have the naked parts of the head covered with 
greyish-white feathers, lores with black bristles. On closer examination it becomes evident that the greyish colour of the 
frontal white feathers is to be attributed to the shafts of those feathers being black, while the webs are whitish. From 
this reason the white of the neck is not sharply defined but gradually passes into the slate colour of the body. Radde 
informs us that in the third year the forehead and crown are covered with shining black bristles and that after this time 
only, the fore part of the crown becomes naked so that the red skin becomes visible. 
Chick unknown. 
Egg- 
Hab. Eastern Siberia, wintering in China, Corea, and exceptionally in Japan. 
This is probably the Grus vipto of Pallas, although the description, taken from Gmelin’s manuscript, is not quite 
