accurate. But as the size of G. vipio is mentioned as being smaller than that of (P., virgo the description certainly agrees 
better with the present species, (which is about the size of A. virgo, although generally a little larger) than with A. letc- 
cauchen. Besides, it being quite evident that the Grus antigone of Pallas is A. leucmichm, there is no other Siberian 
species that G. vipio could refer to. Leaving however, Pallas’s description founded on Gmelin’s Manuscript for what it 
may be — quite a matter for conjecture at the best — the first accurate account of the present Crane was given by Tem- 
minck in his “Planches Coloriees” in 1835, along with a good figure in which the soft parts only are inaccurate. Tem- 
minck knew the bird only from Japan, from which country it was sent to him by von Siebold with the remark that it 
also occurred in Corea. 
The Hooded Crane extends in summer from North Western Mongolia eastwards over the southern part of Eastern 
Siberia and Lake Baikal northwarts of the Gobi desert, and along the Amoor provinces southwards to Lake Chanka. 
Radde met with it in the North Eastern part of the High Gobi, on the middle course of the Amoor, on the Chinese 
side of the Bureja Mountains, and at the mouth of the Selbadian rivulet. Dybowski found it numerous on the banks of 
the Onon in Southern Transbaikalia, and Bogdanow records it from the Ussuri. 
In former times it is said to have bred in Japan but Prof. Ijima, of Tokio, informs me this is not quite certain 
notwithstanding the statements that have been made to that effect by Temminck and Pere David. 
I can find, unfortunately, no account of the breeding of this .species, although descriptions of young birds in different 
stages are given by Radde (as quoted above). Temminck’s account of its nesting on high trees is certainly founded on 
some error. 
The Hooded Crane leaves its breeding grounds in the north in the month of August to pass the winter in China, 
also visiting Corea and Japan. Dr. Dybowski saw it on migration in Darasun at the end of August. Styan records it as 
being common on the Yangtse in winter, and from here the specimens procured in the Shanghai market at that same 
season by Swinhoe evidentl}' also came. 
Prjevalsky witnessed the first arrival of this Crane in South-Eastern Mongolia on the iith March, but the prin¬ 
cipal flocks did not come in until the middle of April. 
In Japan at the present day, as Prof. Ijima informs me, this Crane is probably a migrant only. Canon Tristram 
tells me he saw a flock of five of these birds in April 1891 travelling northwards over Mogi at the south entrance of the 
inland sea, on the north coast of Kiusiu. Mr. Ringer procured specimens near Nagasaki. 
Pere David tells us that this species travels in small troops, and mentions that having killed the male of a pair out 
of a troop passing over the plains of Pekin, the female alighted near its dead mate and tried to revive it by carefully 
supporting it with its bill. 
This Crane has always been extremely rare in confinement in Europe. The authorities of the Zoological Garden of 
Amsterdam never succeeded in getting a living specimen. The Zoological Society of London obtained a single example in 
November 1876. Besides this I know only of one other specimen, which at the present time is in the Cranery at Lilford 
Hall, standing on one foot, I am sorry to say, as it has lost half the other leg by- an accident. 
The trachea of this crane closely resembles that of the preceding species. The specimen figured is from a bird 
obtained in Corea. 
Trachea of Grus monachas. 
