40 
Satpura Mountains in West Central India. Hodgson saw them arrive in Nepal early in May and at the end of April, 
and noticed that the birds took a rest in the valley of about a week before continuing their journey northward, as they 
also did in autumn before entering India. Scully observed them pass over Gilgit on tlie 21st March, Dr. Blanford saw 
them migrating over Eastern Persia, Pleske mentions their passage on the Iskander-Kul in Turkestan, Swinhoe records 
their being abundant on passage in spring as well as in autumn at Seuen-hwa-foo in China. 
Except that some flocks, as already stated, halt in Nepal not much time appears to the spent by this Crane 
in its migrations, as Prjevalsky saw them arrive in Mong<dia ot the end of March, Radde found them on the 24th 
April again on the Tarei-Nor and Dybowski saw them arrive in the Irkut valley in the first half of May. 
The Demoiselle Crane generally lives well in confinement and instances of its having attained an age of 13 and 
even 24 years, are on record. It is often imported alive into Western Europe, principally from the breeding grounds in 
Southern Russia, and I am told these birds have generally been reared by hand by the natives there, who have taken 
them captive when still unable to fly. As mentioned above, probably the first birds that reached Europe alive were those 
at the Versailles Menagerie in 1676, which came from what was formerly called Numidia in North Africa. The Zoolo¬ 
gical Garden of Amsterdam received their first specimens in 1855 and the Zoological Society af London in 1863. Now 
they are to be seen in almost eveiy Zoological Garden all over the continent and in private collections also. These 
graceful Cranes have often bred in captivity as well in their native country, where they are often kept as pets, as in 
Zoological Gardens and private collections. The first birds which came to Versailles bred there, and a bird that was 
successfully reared lived there for twenty-four years. The late M. Cornel)' at Tours in France often succeeded in rearing 
young Demoiselle Cranes and two years ago a bird was born in the Zoological Garden of Cologne, which arrived at 
the adult stage with very little trouble, thanks to the continual care of the parent birds. 
Conformably with its habits in a free state this bird thrives best on a dry sandy soil, and a handful of grain and 
a little raw meat added to the insects and worms which it finds for itself in the enclosure, suffices to keep it in good 
health. It is a most ornamental, graceful, and harmless bird, which ought to be kept in parks much more often than 
is done, probably from its being not sufficiently known. 
The trachea of this species enters into a depression of the keel of the sternum bending afterwards round the 
mons interclavicularis before entering into the lungs. Tire specimen figured is from a bird which lived in captivity in my 
own Menagerie. 
Trachea of AathropoYdes virgo. 
