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THE WHITE-NECKED CRANE 
ANTHROPOIDES LEUCAUCHEN 
PLATE XIII. 
Grus ANTIGONE, (nec L.) Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. 11 . p. 102 (1811) — Dybowski & Parvex, J. f. O. 1868, p. 337 — Seebohm, Ibis, 
1879, p. 28 — Blakist. & Pryer, B. Japan, p. T22 (1882). 
Grus leucauchen, Temm. PI. Col. V. pi. 449 (1838) — Gray, List. Grallm Brit. Mus. p. 74 (1844) — id, Gen. B. III. p. 552 (1845) 
—■ Temm. & Schleg. Faun. Jap. p. 119 (1850) ■— Radde, Reis, in Sibir., Vbg. p. 314. taf. 14, fig. 2, egg. (1863) — Swinh. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 402 — Tacz. J. f. O. 1873, p. 100 et 1874, p. 336 — Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 649 — Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. I. p. 246 
(1876) — David & Oust. Ois. de la Chine, p. 435 (1877) — Prjevalsky in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. II. p. 437 (1877) — Tegetm. & Blyth, 
Monogr. Cranes, p. 35 (i88i) — Blakist. Amended List. B. Jap. p. i2 (1884) — Seebohm, Ibis, 1884, p. 177 — Bogdanow, Consp. 
Av. Imp. Ross. p. 107 (1884) — Tacz. P. Z. S. 1887 p. 611 et 1888, p. 468 — Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 352 (1890). 
Scops VIPIO, Gray, Gen. B. III. p. 553 (1845). 
Grus vipio, Bp. Consp. 11 . p. 98 {1854) — Schleg. Mus. P.-B. RalU, p. 3 (1865) — Gray, Handl. B. III. p. 24, no. 10080 (1871) — 
Styan, Ibis, 1891 pp. 329, 502. 
Antigone leucauchen. Bp. Compt. Rend. XXXVIII, p. 661 (1854). 
Grus sp. incogn., Blakist. & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 225. 
PSEUDOGERANUS LEUCAUCHEN, Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. I. p. XXXVII (1893) — id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXIII, p. 266 (1894). 
Vernacular names. The White-necked Crane (English); de Witnek Kraan (Dutch); la Grue a cou blanc (French); 
der Weissnackige Kranich (German); Manazura (Japanese). 
Adult. General colour above slaty grey. Wing-coverts, lighter, the greater coverts being white at the ends. Prima¬ 
ries blackish with white shafts. Secondaries blackish with white bases, the innermost secondaries white, falcated, length¬ 
ened and pendent. Tail dark grey. Forehead and region round the eyes devoid of feathers, and covered with a red 
skin, extending behind the ears, which are covered by a patch of ashy grey feathers. The red skin, especially at 
the base of the bill, covered with black hairs. Whole hind neck from the back up to the eyes, ending in a point 
on the forehead, white, as also the sides of the upper neck and the throat. Remainder of neck, lower neck in front, 
and under surface of the body dark slaty grey. Iris brownish yellow; bill greenish; legs bluish pink. (From a living bird 
in the Zoological Garden of Amsterdam). Wing about 24' inches, tail 8', tarsus ii', middle toe & claw 4.6', culmen 6^' 
(specimen in the Leiden Museum). 
Immature. Upper part of head (which is entirely covered with soft downy feathers), neck behind, and the whole 
of the upper parts light cinnamon brown, lightest on the neck, darkest on the mantle and wing coverts. On the head 
and neck the feathers are entirely cinnamon brown with light bases; on the mantle and wing-coverts the brown colour 
is acquired by the outer halves of the feathers being brown, whilst the inner part, which is concealed, is grey in nearly 
the same shade as in the adult bird. Throat yellowish white; lower neck in front greyish yellow. Breast and whole of 
the underparts grey with slight yellow margins to the feathers. The younger the bird, the more this yellow colour predo¬ 
minates, while as the bird gets older and the feathers become more developed the grey gets the upperhand. Tail- and 
wing-feathers blackish grey. (Bird bred in the Zoological Garden of Amsterdam in 1872, which died aged 85 days. 
This bird in a rather younger stage is figured with its parents on plate XIII). 
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