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THE WHITE CRANE 
ANTHROPOIDES LEUCOGERANUS 
PLATE XIV. 
Grus LEUCOGERANUS, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, II. Anhang, p. 714 tab. F. (1773) — id. Zoogr. Rosso-As. II. p. 103 (i8ii) •— Wagl. 
Syst. Av. Grus, sp. 5 (1827) —■ Temm. PI. col. V. pi. 467 (1829) — Gould, B. Eur. IV. pi. 271 (1837) — Keys. & Bias. Wirb. Eur. 
pp. LIX, 206 (1840) — Nordm. in Demidofif’s Voy. Russ. MA. III. p. 266 (1840) — Gray, List Gralla Brit. Mus. p. 74 (1844) — id. 
Gen. B. III. p. 552 (1845) — Temm. & Sclileg. Faun. Jap. p. ii8, pi. 73 (1850) — Schrenck, Reis. Amurl., Vog. p. 407 (1859) — 
Irby, Ibis, 1861 p. 243 — Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 308 — Radde, Reise Sibir., Vog. p. 312 (1863) — Jerd. B. Ind. III. p. 663 (1864) 
— Schleg. Mus. P.-B., Rain, p. 5 (1865) — Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. Eur. II. p. 277 (1867)— Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 166 — Hume, Ibis, 
1868, p. 28 — Brooks, Ibis, i86g p. 237 — Elwes & Buckl. Ibis, 1870, p. 333 — Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 41, fig. i (1870) —■ Swinh. 
P. Z. S. 1871 p. 403 — A. Anderson, t. c. p. 677 — Gray, Haiidl. B. III. p. 25, no. ioo88 (1871) — Schleg. Jaarb. Natura Artis 
Magistra, 1872, p. 173 — Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 649 — Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) — Hume, Str. Feath. I. p. 235 
(1873) — Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. I. p. 247 (1876) — David & Oust. Ois. de la Chine, p. 436 (1877) — Prjevalsky in Rowley’s 
Orn. Misc. III. p. 47 (1877) — Dresser, B. Eur. VII. p. 359, pi. 507 (1878) —• Blakist, & Pryer, B. Jap. p. 121 (1882) — Butler, 
Str. Feath. VII. p. 187 — id. Cat. B. Sind &c. p. 60 (1879) — Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 149 — Hume, Str. Feath. VIII. p. 112 
(1879) — Danford, Ibis, 1880, p. 94 — Hume & Marsh. Game-B. Ind. III. p. ii, pi. 2 (1880) — Reid, Str. Feath. X. p. 67 (1881) 
— Tegetm. & Blyth, Monogr. Cranes, p. 38 (i88i) — Seebohm, Ibis, 1882 p. 226 — Forbes, P. Z. S. 1882 p. 352 —■ Blakist. Amen¬ 
ded List B. Japan, pp. 12, 42 (1884) — Bogdanow, Consp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. 108 (1884) — Radde, Orn. Caucas. p. 391 (1884) — 
Seebohm, Ibis, 1884, p. 177 — id. B. Jap. Emp. p. 349 (1890) — Styan, Ibis, 1891, pp. 329, 502 — Eagle-Clarke, Ibis, 1891 p. 
63s — id. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. I. p. 71 (1892). 
Ardea GIGANtea, S. G. Gmel. Reis. Russl. II. p. 189 (1774). 
Grus GIGANTEA, VieiU. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. XIII. p. 558 (1817). 
Antigone leucogeranus, Reichenb. Handb. Fulic. Novit. taf. CIV. figs. 2859, 2860 (1852). 
LEUCOGERANUS GIGANTEUS, Bp. Cat. Coll. Parzud. p. 9 (1857). 
Grus polii. Yule, Book of Ser Marco Polo, I. p. 262 {1871). 
Sarcogeranus LEUCOGERANUS, Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. I. p. XXXVII. (1893) — id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXIII. p. 261 (1894). 
A 
Vernacular names. The Asiatic White Crane (English); de Witte Aziatische Kraanvogel (Dutch); der Weisse indische 
Kranich (German); la Grue blanche d’Asie (French); Shiratsuru or Sodeguro (Japanese). 
Adult. Pure white, primaries and primary-coverts black, spurious wing also black. Bare skin of the head exten¬ 
ding till just over the eyes, covered with a few white hairs on the front and with black ones where the naked skin 
meets the white feathers of the crown or of the lower mandible. Legs flesh colour, Iris sulphur yellow. Female similar 
but smaller. Size of the male, wing 26 inches, tail 8', tarsus ii', middle toe & claw 5J', culmen Sj'. 
Immature. All the white mixed with cinnamon brown the outward' part of the feathers being of that colour. 
(Specimen in the Leiden Museum). 
Chick. I have not seen a chick of this species nor found the description of one, but it probably resembles the 
chick of Anthr. leticauchen. 
Egg. Figured of the natural size plate XVIII n°. 5 from a specimen laid in the Zoological Garden of Amsterdam. 
Hab. From South-eastern Europe and Asia Minor eastwards to North-eastern China and the Amoor, wintering in 
North-western India and in China. 
This Crane was first properly described and figured as a separate species by Pallas in the appendix to his “travels 
in the Russian Empire . So far as is known at present, its regular breeding-or summer-range extends over the marshes 
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