16. 
THE CAPE CROWNED CRANE 
BALEARICA REGULORUM 
PLATE XVI. 
Ti^e Crowned African Crane, pt. Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. IV. p. 192 pi. 192 (1751). 
L’Oiseau Royal MaLE, Daubent. PI. Enl. VIII. pi. 265. 
Anthropoides REGULORUM, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1833, pp. 118, 1 19. 
Grus REGULORUM, Licht. Kat. Vog. Kaffernl. p. 19 (1842) — Finsch & Hartl. Vdg. Ost-Afr. p. 669 (1870) — Fisch. Zeitschr. ges. 
Ornith. I. p. 386 (1884). 
Balearica REGULORUM, Gray, List Grallcs Brit. Mus. p. 75 (1844) — id. Gen. B. III. p. 553 (1845) — J. E. Gray, Knowsley Menag. 
pi. 13 (1851) — Reichenb. Handb. Fulic. taf. CCXVI, figs. 2855—56 (1852) — Bp. Consp. II. p. 102 (1854) — Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 
331 — Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 304 (1867) — Gurney, Ibis, 1868 p. 255 — Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 376 — Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 264 
— Gray, Handl. B. III. p. 25, no. 10095 (1871) — Gurney in Andersson’s B. Damaral. p. 279 (1872) — Ayres, Ibis, 1873, p. 286 
— Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 389 — Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 277 —• Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 209 —• Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 348 — 
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 316 — Bocage^ Oni. Angola, p. 435 (i88i) — Holub & Pelz. Beitr. Orn. S.-Afr. p. 256 (1882) — Shel¬ 
ley, Ibis, 1882, p. 363 — Bohm, J. f. O. 1885, p. 52— Fischer, t. c. p. 116 — Matschie, J. f. O. 1887, p. 145. 
Grus PAVONINA, Schlcg. Mus. P.-B. Rain, p. 7 (1865)— Bohm, J. f. O. 1882, p. 185. 
Ardea PAVONINA, Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. II. App. p. 417 (1868). 
Balearica pavonina, (nec L.) Reich. J. f. O. 1887, p. 48 — Emin, J. f. O. 1891, p. 58. 
Balearica CHRYSOPELARGUS , Tegetm. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 93 — id. et Blyth, Monogr. Cranes, p. 15 (1881) — Butler, Feilden & Reid, 
Zool. 1882, p. 342— Reid, Ibis, 1883, p. 225 — Sharpe & Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 629 (1884) — Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 295 — 
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXIII. p. 274 (1894). 
Balearica GIBBERICEPS, Reich. J. f. O. 1892, p. 126— id. Die Vog. Deutsch Ostafr. p. 46 (1895) — Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXIII. 
p. 27s (1894). 
Balearica gibberifrons (lapsu), Reich. J. f. O. 1892, p. 462 (Index). 
Vernacular names. The Cape Crowned Crane (English); de Kroonkraan van Zuid-Afrika (Dutch); la Grue cou- 
ronnee du Cap (French); der Konigskranich (German); Mahem (in South-Africa). 
Adtilt. Similar to Balearica pavonina but of lighter colour. The feathers of the neck especially are pearly grey 
instead of slaty grey, and the crown-bristles and inner great wing-coverts are generally of a paler yellow than in B. pavo¬ 
nina each bristle being ringed with white and yellow. Throat naked, with a pendent wattle which is of a bright red 
colour, the base being black, in continuation of the velvety black feathers round the naked cheeks. Bare sides of the 
face usually white with a red triangle at the top, which is sometimes more or less swollen. Sometimes the white of the 
cheeks is not pure but is mixed with red and sometimes the cheeks are even nearly altogether red as I observed in a 
specimen in the Zoological Gardens of London in 1894, which was received from Beira. Iris greyish white: bill and legs 
blackish horn-colour. Wing 23', tail tarsus 8^', middle toe & claw 4|', culmen (specimen in the Leiden Museum). 
Immature. Similar to the young of Balearica pavonina. Ayres describes the bill as black, the base of the lower 
mandible being paler; bare skin between the bill and the eye black, the adjacent space which is occupied by the wattle 
in the adult clothed with short yellowish-white down, legs ashy black, iris light ash-colour. 
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