170 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
to be a portion of the matrix of the specimen, but otherwise it is a well 
oliaracterized representative of the species. At the time of the preparation 
of this description the parts of the animal had not been found together, and 
a large abdomen and post-abdomen of another individual were taken as the 
type of the species Ceratiocaris armatus. Material which has come into the 
possession of the State Museum since that date, establishes beyond a doubt the 
identity of the two species. Both descriptions were published at the same 
time, and although that of the latter species precedes that of the former by 
two pages in the letterpress of the report referred to, it appears wiser to 
accord recognition to the specific name punctaius, as C. punctatus was founded 
upon the portion of the animal most characteristic and important for specific 
discrimination. Echinocaris punctata shows some points of general similarity 
with the species E. sublccvis, E. multinodosa, M^hitfield, and E. socialis, Beecher, 
but is readily distinguished from them by the size and disposition of the nodes, 
the curve of the lateral carinae on the carapace, the length of the abdominal 
somites and the character of their spinous processes. 
Distribution. Hamilton group. In the black shales at Pratt’s Falls, near 
Pompey Center and at Delphi, and in the sandy shales, near Fabius, Onondaga 
county; in the higher shales at Menteth’s Point and Tichenor’s Glen, Canan¬ 
daigua Lake, and near Norton’s Landing, Cayuga Lake. 
Mandibles of Phyllocarida. Associated with Echinocaris punctata, in the 
locality which has produced the greatest number of specimens, viz., Pratt’s 
Falls, and near Pompey Center, Onondaga county, large masticatory organs 
have been found quite abundantly, which, judging from a general similarity 
to the mandibles found in situ in this species, may be regarded as undoubtedly 
belonging to some species of the Phyllocarida. Beecher has described and 
illustrated these bodies {loc. cit.), and has indicated the fact that if bearing 
the same proportion to the carapace as do the mandibles in E. punctata, they 
must have belonged either to large individuals of this species or to some 
gigantic species yet unknown to us. 
