ON CERTAIN RECENT CHANGES IN THE CRATER OF 
STROMBOLI. 
By TEMPEST ANDERSON, M.D., D.Sc. 
{From ‘ The Geographical Journal’ for February, 1905.) 
In 1875, Prof. Judd, f.r.s., published in the Geological Magazine an 
admirable series of articles entitled “ Contributions to the Study of 
Volcanoes.” 
The part dealing with the Lipari islands has been my constant 
companion and guide during two visits to those islands in 1888 and 
1904, and it deals so fully with the subject, both from a historical and 
scientific point of view, that I feel it would be presumptuous to attempt 
to paraphrase the excellent description which he has so well written. 
Since his visit, however, Stromboli has continued in its wonted activity, 
generally of a moderate character, and so regular that it might almost 
be called rhythmical, though occasionally varied with periods of vio¬ 
lence, and sometimes of almost total quiescence. As a result, certain 
changes have occurred in and about its crater; not on any very large 
scale, it is true, but sufficient to be of interest. When I visited the 
islands in 1888, I carried with me a camera, with which I took photo¬ 
graphs * from selected points of view, believing that I was thus securing 
records more accurate and unbiassed than any mere verbal description; 
and in 1904 I revisited the islands, carrying the same camera and 
lenses, and took comparison photographs from as nearly as possible the 
same positions. These photographs form the basis of this paper, and 
have been supplemented by several other photographs and diagrams 
placed at my disposal by Prof. Ricco, of the Reale Osservatorio, Catania, 
and Mr. Geo. S. Eunson, of Northampton, who visited the volcano with 
the Geologists’ Association in 1889. These fill up the gaps and show 
the changes during the intervening years. 
Believing as I do that photographs should themselves form the 
record, and that the letterpress should be mainly explanatory of them, 
I have placed opposite each plate a note calling attention to the main 
points shown, and prefaced the whole by such a description of the 
island as may serve to make my story intelligible. To this I have 
added a summary of the main changes noticed. 
Stromboli is the most easterly and northerly of the Lipari islands. 
It is situated north of Sicily, close to the track of steamers plying 
* See ‘Volcanic Studies by Tempest Anderson.’ Plates xx. to xxvii. Murray : 1903. 
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