Geology of Kerguelen s Land . 
33 
the usual trap formation : a large dyke of basalt crosses 
the latter in an E. N.E. JE. direction, forming a wall 
from 3 to 4 feet in height. 
At the south-west end of the bay, a creek runs up, 
beyond which is a swampy valley; and two miles from the 
head of the creek is a lake one mile and a half long, and 
nearly half a mile broad, filling up a pass in the moun¬ 
tains, which rise up to the height of about 2500 feet, the 
highest land met with. This ridge presents the same 
trap formation of basalt, greenstone, and amygdaloid. 
Veins of hornstone and an indurated clay-ironstone are, 
however, first found in situ here, a foot in thickness, 
although numerous fragments frequently occur scattered 
about the water-courses. We found a solitary piece of 
fossil wood (highly silicified) at the upper margin of the 
lake, the only vestige met with in Cumberland Bay and 
its vicinity. A small specimen of coal was also found near 
the lower end of the lake ; but neither could be found 
in situ. The valley continued in a S.S.W. direction 
between the same range for four miles above the lake. 
In the small bay on the north side of Cumberland Bay 
is a smooth undulating hill, covered with fragments of 
slate, piled up to 150 feet in height, and completely in¬ 
sulated from the greenstone range at the back. Some 
of the fragments of this remarkable arenaceous slate, 
with red markings, have a striking resemblance to the 
impressions of seaweed. 
On the opposite or west side of the bay, another slate 
hill forms a kind of belt in the trap range, 600 feet high, 
covered with loose fragments from the summit to the 
base; through which amorphous masses protrude in 
places. At the line of junction with the basalt, where a 
water-course runs down, it assumes a prismatic tendency. 
About two-thirds up is a vein of a friable slaty kind of 
slag, one foot deep and ten in length, covered by the 
VOL. i. no. i. n 
