238 
Instructions to the 
ture, ami any other peculiarity, should be noticed before placing 
the specimen in spirit. 
In very large specimens of the Shark or Ray kind, a section 
of the jaws, with a part of the vertebral column, should always 
be preserved as wet preparations, and the remainder of the jaws 
and vertebral column in a dry state. The eyes, eyelids, and 
part of the surrounding skin should be preserved in the saline 
solution. In less bulky specimens the entire head should be 
taken off by dividing the fish below the heart across the upper 
part of the liver, by which means the mouths of the oviducts, 
if it be a female, the heart, gills, and head are all preserved 
together. 
The tail of a Shark may be taken off a little below the anus, 
and the trunk alone preserved for examination. If the trunk 
be too large, it should be cut through above the pelvis, and the 
parts contained in the hinder portion, as the claspers of the 
male, should be preserved in spirit. If the specimen be a 
female, separate the two oviducts through their whole length, 
where they run along the abdomen, on each side of the spine, 
but keep them attached to the cloaca and its surrounding parts. 
If with young, or eggs, take the whole out in the same way 
without opening the oviducts. 
The heads of all fishes should be preserved, when the speci¬ 
mens are too large to be preserved entire. 
All external parasites, and those which infest the gills of 
fishes, should be preserved. The alimentary canal should, in 
all cases, be examined for the presence of the Entozoa , which, 
if adherent to the coats of the intestine, should be preserved 
with the part to which they are attached. One of the most 
interesting fishes of the Southern Seas is the Port Jackson 
Shark (Cestracion Philippi ). Moderate-sized specimens of 
this species should be preserved entire: and the head, vertebras, 
with the dorsal spines, viscera, and especially the impregnated 
oviduct, should be preserved. The Southern Chimera ( Callo - 
rhynchus antarcticus ) merits also the especial attention of the 
naturalist, and the same specimens of this species should be 
preserved as of the Cestracion . 
3. Reptiles. 
Specimens of Turtle should be carefully examined for para¬ 
sitic animals; a curious Barnacle ( Chclonobia ) and a Leech 
(Ilirudo branchiata) arc occasionally found adhering to these 
marine Reptilia. m 
In the event of the expedition touching at the Galapagos 
Islands, specimens of Ambly rhynchus, a lizard of marine habits, 
should be secured, and the particular locality of the capture 
noted. 
