CHAPTER XIII 
A Canyon through Marble—Multitudinous Rapids—Running the Sockdologer—A 
Difficult Portage, Rising Water, and a Trap—The Dean Upside Down—A 
Close Shave—Whirlpools and Fountains—The Kanab Canyon and the End 
of the Voyage. 
B y referring to the relief map opposite page 41, the mouth 
of the Paria is seen a trifle more than half-way up the 
right-hand side. The walls of Glen Canyon here recede from 
the river and become on the south the Echo Cliffs, taking the 
name from the Echo Peaks which form their beginning, and on 
the north the Vermilion Cliffs, so called by Powell because of 
their bright red colour. The latter, and the canyon of the Pa¬ 
ria, make the edges of the great mesa called the Paria Plateau, 
and, running on north to the very head of the Kaibab uplift, 
strike off south-westerly to near Pipe Spring, where they turn 
and run in a north-west direction to the Virgen River. Be¬ 
tween the receding lines of these cliffs, at the Paria, is practi¬ 
cally the head of the Grand Canyon. The river at once begins 
an attack on the underlying strata, and the resulting canyon, 
while at first not more than two hundred feet deep, rapidly in¬ 
creases this depth, as the strata run up and the river runs down. 
The canyon is narrow, and seen from a height resembles, as 
previously mentioned, a dark serpent lying across a plain. 
As the formation down to the Little Colorado is mainly a fine¬ 
grained grey marble, Powell concluded to call this division by 
317 
