THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
with dark brown centres to the feathers which widen out and occupy the whole 
of the crest-feathers on their terminal portion; edge of wing whitish; bastard- 
wing, primary-coverts, and some of the greater series somewhat darker than the 
back, especially on the middle of the feather’s ; flight-quills hair-brown with whitish 
margins on the inner-webs and on the outer-webs of the fourth and fifth primaries; 
middle tail-feathers much darker than the back with obsolete cross-bars and pale 
tips to some of the feathers, the lateral ones black, broadly tipped with white; 
base of fore-head, lores, and fore-part of cheeks cinnamon-buff; riotal-bristles 
black but only sparsely developed; the feathers in front of the eye are dark and 
have hair-like tips ; chin and throat greyish-white with a slight tinge of buff, the 
feathers on the former have hair-like tips ; middle of breast and abdomen similar to 
the throat and chin ; sides of the body, thighs, and under tail-coverts darker and 
more like the back ; under wing-coverts similar but paler ; under-surface of flight- 
quills pale hair-brown with buffy-white margins ; lower aspect of tail black tipped 
with -white. Eyes dark brown ; bill hazel-brown ; legs and feet lead-colour. Total 
length 205 mm. ; culmen 12, wing 84, tail 105, tarsus 24. Figured. Collected at 
Day Dawn, Mid-w-est Australia (interior), on the 15th of May, 1903, arid is the 
type of Sphenostoma cristatum occidentale. 
Adult male. General colour of the upper-surface mouse-brown with a tinge of fawn-colour, 
paler on the top of the head, nape, sides of face, hind-neck, and sides of neck; edge 
of wing and outer-margins of the fourth and fifth primaries whitish; flight-quills 
hair-brown with pale mar-gins ; upper tail-coverts like the back; tail-feathers 
dark bronze-brown with obsolete cross-bars, the outer feathers tipped with white 
which increases in extent towards the outermost, which inclines to blackish at the 
base ; nasal bristles black ; the feathers in front of the eye black and hair-like; 
chin greyish-white with hair-like tips to the feathers ; throat, breast, abdomen, 
sides of body, thighs, and under tail-coverts greyish-fawn colour ; axillaries, under 
wing-coverts, and margins of quills below like the breast; quill-lining hair-brown; 
lower aspect of tail similar to its upper-surface. Bill yellow-, tip black, feet, leaden- 
colour. Total length 195 mm. ; culmen 11, wing 82, tail 90, tarsus 25. Figured. 
Collected at Leigh’s Creek, interior of South Australia, on the 19th of October, 1910, 
and is the type of Sphenostoma cristatum pallida. 
Adult male. General colour above dark ochreous-brown, including the head, back, and 
wings ; fore-part of the head paler than the back w-ith dark brown centres to the 
feathers, the terminal portion of the crest-feathers uniform blackish-brown; sides 
of face, sides of neck, and nape uniform pale drab-grey ; outer edge of wing whitish 
like the outer web of the bastard-wing and outer primal-coverts; flight-quills 
hair-brown fringed with white on the inner webs and on the outer webs of the first, 
fourth and fifth of the primaries ; long upper tail-coverts and middle tail-feathers 
dark bronze-brown, the outer ones black, broadly tipped with y-hite ; lores blackish 
in colour and bristly in structure ; nasal bristles black ; chin and throat dull white, 
with liair-like tips to the feathers on the former, becoming somewhat darker on the 
breast and abdomen and inclining to dull fawn-colour on the flanks and short under 
tail-coverts, the long ones pale brown broadly fringed with white ; axillaries like the 
breast; under wing-coverts and margins of flight-quills below- greyish-w-liite, the 
remainder of the latter pale hair-brown ; lower aspect of tail similar to its upper- 
surface. Eyes brown; bill black, feet and tarsi leaden-olive. Total length 209 mm.; 
culmen 11, w-ing 80, tail 97, tarsus 24. Collected at Tanami, Northern Territory, 
on the 10th of March, 1910, and is the type of Sphenostoma cristatum tanami. 
Adult female. General colour of the upper-surface mouse-brown, including the top of the 
head, back, and wings ; the feathers on the fore-part of the head have dark shaft¬ 
lines and the apical portion of the crest dark hair-brown ; edge of wing and outer- 
margins of the fourth and fifth primary-quills white, remainder of flight-quills 
48 
