Order PASSERIFORMES. 
No. 616. 
Family CLIMACTERIDM. 
CLIMACTERIS RUFA. 
RUFOUS TREECREEPER. 
(Plates 499 and 504.) 
Climacteris rufa Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1840, p. 149, July 1841: West Australia. 
Climacteris rufa Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1840, p. 149, 1841 ; id., Birds Austr., 
pt. rv. (Vol. IV., pi. 94), Sept. 1st, 1841 ; id., Handb. Birds Austr., Vol. I., p. 600, 
1865 ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 191, 1878 ; Gadow, Cat. Birds 
Brit. Mus., Vol. VIII., p. 335, 1883 ; Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. Birds, p. 14, 1888 ; 
Hall, Key Birds Austr., p. 35, 1899 ; Campbell, Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, Vol. I., 
p. 331, 1901 ; Milligan, Emu, Vol. II., p. 73, 1902 (W.A.) ; id., ib., Vol. III., p. 18, 
1903 (W.A.) ; H. E. Hill, ib., p. 106, 1903 (W.A.) ; id., ib., p. 227, 1904 (W.A.); 
Milligan, ib., Vol. IV., pp. 6-10, 1904 (W.A.); Lawson, ib., p. 135, 1905 (W.A.); 
North, Austr. Mus. Spec. Cat. No. 1, Vol. II., p. 48, 1906 ; A. G. Campbell, Emu, 
Vol. VI., p. 181, 1907 ; Mathews, Hand! Birds Austral., p. 88, 1908; Gibson, Emu, 
Vol. IX., p. 74, 1909 (W.A.); Crossman, ib., p. 89 (W.A.); Whitlock, ib., Vol. X., 
p. 310, 1911 (W.A.); S. A. White, ib., Vol. XIII., p. 30, 1913 (S.A.); Orton and 
Sandland, ib., p. 79 (W.A.) ; Le Souef, ib., Vol. XX., p. 144, 1921 (W.A.); Alexan¬ 
der, ib., p. 167 (W.A.) ; Howe, ib., Vol. XXI., p. 40, 1921 (Review); Whitlock, 
ib., p. 181, 1922. 
Climacteris rufa obscura Carter, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, Vol. XXVII., p. 16, Nov. 4th, 1910 : 
Warren River, South-west Australia; Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 382, 
Jan. 31st, 1912. 
Climacteris rufa rufa Mathews, ib. 
Climacteris rufa orientalis Mathews, ib. : Gawler Ranges, South Australia ; id., Austr. 
Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 196, 1913. 
Whitlocka rufa rufa Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 252, 1913. 
Whitloclca rufa obscura Mathews, ib. 
Whitlocka rufa orientalis Mathews, ib. 
Distribution. South-west Australia and western parts of South Australia. 
Adult male. General colour of the upper-surface dark chocolate-brown including the 
fore-head, crown, nape, hind-neck, sides of neck, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, 
scapulars, lesser, median and upper wing-coverts ; bastard-wing, outer greater 
coverts and primary-coverts blackish with pale fringes to the feathers along the 
outer edge of the wing ; flight-quills blackish-brown, inclining to bronze-brown 
on the apical portion, w T ith a band of rufous-buff across the feathers, chiefly on 
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