THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
scapulars, innermost secondaries, and middle tail-feathers ; inner upper wing-coverts, 
margins of inner secondary flight-quills, upper tail-coverts, and greater portion of 
the lateral tail-feathers white like the breast, abdomen, sides of body, thighs, and 
under tail-coverts ; outer upper wing-coverts, outer flight-quills, and tips of lateral 
tail-feathers blackish-brown; axillaries and under wing-coverts black; under¬ 
surface of flight-quills dark hair-brown; lower aspect of tail similar to its upper- 
surface but the dark portion somewhat paler. Bill black, with blue-grey base, 
legs and feet black ; eyes brown ; a blue-grey wattle on lower eye-lid. Total length 
190 mm. ; culmen 18, wing 91, tail 70, tarsus 22. Figured. Collected at Day 
Dawn, Mid-west Australia, on the 10th of July, 1903. 
Adult female. General colour of the upper-surface bistre-brown, including the top of the 
head, sides of face, hind-neck, sides of neck, scapulars, rump, and upper tail- 
coverts, with dark shaft-streaks on the crown of the head and back; upper wing- 
coverts margined white or buffy-white ; flight-quills dark brown margined with 
pale buff on the outer webs of the innermost secondaries ; tail also dark brown 
slightly paler on the edges of the feathers ; a slight indication of a pale superciliary- 
streak ; throat, abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts white, with dark shaft- 
streaks to many of the feathers ; breast pale fawn-colour with dark shaft-streaks; 
axillaries and under wing-coverts dusky-brown ; under-surface of flight-quills greyish- 
brown ; lower aspect of tail similar. Bill horn-colour, legs and feet lead-colour, 
eyes hazel. Total length 180 mm. ; culmen 16, wing 86, tail 65, tarsus 21. Figured. 
Collected at Point Cloats, Mid-west Australia. 
Immature birds are in general rather like the female. 
Immature male. General colour of the upper-surface rust-brown with dark centres to 
the feathers and black feathers interspersed—including the top of the head, entire 
back, wings, and tail; lesser, median, and some of the greater upper wing-coverts 
cream-white ; outer primary flight-quills and some of the secondaries pale brown, 
remainder of primary and secondary-quills blackish-brown; middle tail-feathers 
also blackish-brown, the outer ones pale brown; upper tail-coverts whitish-buff 
with dark shaft-lines to some of the feathers ; under-surface of body whitish-buff 
including the breast, abdomen, sides of body, vent, and under tail-coverts ; chin 
and throat similar but paler and intermixed with black; under wing-coverts 
blackish ; axillaries and under-surface of flight-quills pale brown; lower aspect 
of tail similar. Eyes hazel. Bill fleshy with purple tip. Legs and feet blue-grev. 
Collected at Point Cloates on the 2nd of May, 1900. 
Immature female. General colour of the upper-surface dark brown with pale edges to 
the feathers, including the top of the head, back, wings, and tail; flight-quills 
uniform dark brown becoming darker on the inner secondaries ; tail dark brown; 
chin and throat greyish-browm; fore-neck and breast dark ochreous with blackish- 
browm spots to the feathers ; abdomen and sides of body white tinged with dark 
ochreous and dark shaft-lines to some of the feathers ; thighs dusky; under 
tail-coverts buff with dark narrow' shaft-lines ; axillaries, under wing-coverts, and 
quill-lining dusky-browui; low r er aspect of tail similar but darker. Eyes red- 
brown, lower eyelid slate-grey ; feet very dark grey, bill dark horn, lower mandible 
pale bluish-horn. Collected at Borowell, East Murchison, on the 29th of August, 
1909. 
Immature female. General colour of the upper-surface earth-brown, including the top 
of the head, sides of face, hind-neck, sides of neck, entire back; upper tail-coverts 
paler and inclining to rust-brown; upper wing-coverts similar to the back with 
pale margins to the feathers ; flight-quills uniform pale brown, except some of 
the inner secondaries which have pale margins on the outer webs ; tail similar 
but darker; chin and throat dusky-grey ; fore-neck ochreous and spotted with 
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