exceeds subsidence a new regressive cycle starts. These results suggested by the 
model should be observable in ancient deposits. 
1971 0 
Given, P. H. (1971) Distribution of forms of sulfur in peats from saline environments in the 
Florida Everglades. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. . 3:580. 
[ABSTRACT ONLY. DATE OF SAMPLING UNKNOWN OR NOT APPLICABLE.) Peat deposits 
influenced by marine waters have higher pyrite and organic sulfur contents compared 
with freshwater deposits. The principal source of sulfur in saline conditions is the 
sulfate ion. As a first step in seeking to understand the sequence of changes by which 
sulfate is converted to the various other sulfur forms, a peat core in a mangrove 
swamp environment in the Florida Everglades has been analyzed at various depths for 
H 2 S, acid-soluble sulfides, pyrite, elementary sulfur, organic sulfur and sulfate ion. 
Measurements at two depths have been made in a second core where conditions are 
brackish for part of the year. Concentrations tend to fluctuate with depth rather than 
show progressive trends. Ferrous sulfide, the presumed precursor of pyrite, is very 
low at all levels. Free sulfur, perhaps involved in the formation of pyrite, is found, 
though at rather low concentrations. It is difficult to see any other means of production 
of reduced forms of sulfur than the activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Yet Eh 
values, measured in situ with a pyrolytic graphite electrode, are in the range (100- 
450 mv), commonly described as ’oxidizing." Clearly the oxidizable and reducible 
species in peat do not constitute an equilibrium system, the rate of reaction being slow. 
1971 
Harriss, R. C., H. Mattraw, G. J. Horvath, and A. Andren (1971) Input, cycling, and fate of 
heavy metal and pesticides pollutants in estuaries of the western Everglades. Final Rep. to 
the National Park Service from the Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, 
Tallahassee, FL. 
[NO COPY OF PAPER AVAILABLE. ABSTRACT FROM SCHMIDT (1991).] This report 
contains the results of the first phase of an investigation of the sources, dispersion 
mechanisms, and ecological impact of heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon 
pesticides on the estuaries of the western section of Everglades National Park. The 
most important findings of the study are: (1) Agricultural activities located north of 
the park are a source of heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides to the 
Park estuaries. Heavy applications of chemicals for plant nutrition and pest control 
have produced soils with average Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Pb concentrations up to six times 
greater than presently uncontaminated estuarine soils and sediments; (2) The measured 
gradients for Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and lead suggest that migration of these metals into the 
estuarine environment is occurring; (3) Suspended sediments from drainage canals 
contain the highest Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cd values measured; (4) The cation exchange 
capacity of the soils and sediments studied increases with increasing organic content; 
and (5) Concentrations of mercury up to 1.8 pg/g have been measured in sediments 
with no likely source of artificial contamination. A very strong correlation was found 
between cation exchange capacity and Hg content in the sediments. 
1971 0 
Manker, J. P., and G. M. Griffin (1971) Source and mixing of insoluble clay minerals in a 
shallow water carbonate environment - Florida Bay. J. Sediment. Petrol. . 41(1):302-6. 
[DATE OF SAMPLING UNKNOWN OR NOT APPLICABLE.) Chlorite and smectite dominate 
the clay-size insoluble residue of Recent carbonate sediments of Florida Bay illite and 
kaolinite also occur in very small quantities. Chlorite is derived from the Atlantic Coast 
and eastern Everglades provinces and is introduced by stream and by tidal channels 
through the northern Florida Keys. Smectite is derived from the Gulf of Mexico 
198 
