material. A diverse assemblage of endolithic forms was detected in substrates planted 
at the sediment-water interface. In contrast, a less diverse and distinctly different 
assemblage of endolithic forms was found within substrates planted as much as 160 cm 
below the sediment-water interface. This is the first known report of such activity 
within buried marine sediments. The most abundant subsurface endoliths were two 
coccoid forms, separated on the basis of size, surficial texture, and morphology. Each 
type had several growth variants believed to be stages of binary, cellular fission. 
Other endolithic forms detected include a filamentous, irregular, polygonal network; an 
irregular flattened mass; and a regular, crenulate, flattened disc. TEM examination of 
one of the coccoid forms suggests a procaryonic blue-green algal or bacterial origin. 
The affinities of the other forms were unknown, but resemble endolithic traces 
attributed to fungi, bacteria, and Actinomycetes. The regular discoids and irregular 
flattened masses were found only in association with the filamentous form and may be 
reproductive bodies. Subsurface endoliths appear to be restricted to finer-grained, 
reducing sediments, and may be utilizing the more abundant interstitial nutrient supply 
as well as, or instead of, organic matrices within the mollusk substrates. Endolithic 
activity within buried marine carbonate sediments has important consequences in that 
it broadens the environmental conditions under which microborings may form. It also 
suggests that endolithic heterotrophs may significantly affect the surrounding 
microenvironment within sediments, and may result in porosity development during 
early sediment burial. 
1979 0 
Odell, D. K., E. D. Asper, J. Baucom, and L. H. Cornell (1979) A summary of information 
derived from the recent mass stranding of a herd of false killer whales, Pseudorca 
crassidens (Cetacea:Delphinidae). Biology of Marine Mammals: Insights Through Strandings. 
J. R. Geraci and D. J. St. Aubin (eds.). NTIS Rept. PB293-380. 207-22. 
[NO COPY OF PAPER AVAILABLE.] [Same narrative as Odell et at. 1980).] 
1979 0 
Raymond, R. J., and T. D. Davies (1979) Content and form of sulfur in coal: A reflection of 
peat depositional environments. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abs. . 11 (7):501. 
[ABSTRACT ONLY. DATE OF SAMPLING UNKNOWN OR NOT APPLICABLE.] Chemical, 
optical, and electron microprobe techniques were used to study content and form of S in 
recent peat from Florida Bay and low volatile bituminous coal of Middle Pennsylvanian 
age from western Pennsylvania (Lower Kittanning seam). The results reveal three 
discernible periods of sulfur emplacement in the peat/coal cycle. The first and second 
occur during early stages of peat deposition when compaction is minor and water 
circulation is unrestricted. During this time the entire organic sulfur constituent will be 
emplaced, and depending upon the available sources of Fe and S, small euhedral crystals 
(0.5 - 15 ^m) and framboids (5 - 50 jam) of pyrite may be incorporated within peats. 
The first period of S emplacement reflects the peat depositional environment. If 
deposition occurs in freshwater, organic S will be low and pyrite may be entirely 
absent in marine water, the peat will have high organic S content and may have high 
pyrite content depending upon available iron. The second period occurs after peat 
deposition, but prior to coalification. If marine waters permeate a previously deposited 
peat, both the pyritic and organic S content will be increased. Due to high permeability 
of peat, S enhancement is greater in freshwater if it is overlain by marine peat marine 
rather than marine carbonate mud. The third period occurs after coalification, when 
permeability is mostly restricted to joint or cleat fractures. At this stage organic S 
content is not altered. If Fe and S are present in ground water, pyrite may be 
deposited, but only as fillings in fractures or pores. The massive form of this pyrite 
can be distinguished from the euhedral crystals and framboids typical of marine 
depositional environments. 
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