wackestone, laminated mudstone, and packstone from mudbanks; and (5) stromatolitic 
wackestone from supratidal islands. Some or all of these components are stacked in the 
order named into an asymmetric sequence, transgressive through elements 1-3 and 
regressive through thicker mudbank and supratidal phases. Predominately vertical 
accretion forms banks and islands which then act as nuclei for lateral accretion. The 
resultant facies mosaic is complicated in detail but coherent in overall aspect because 
of the predictable sequence. This sequence is accumulating over a microkarstic 
disconformity surface. The semi-restricted setting originates primarily from 
depositional topography of the previous (Pleistocene) cycle but is influenced by 
evolving depositional topography of the present regime. Small-scale depositional relief 
producing diverse and compartmentalized environment was probably as commonplace in 
ancient semi-restricted carbonate settings as in modern examples, but could only be 
detected in the record with extremely detailed stratigraphic control. Depositional 
regimes similar to Florida Bay will apparently be perpetuated in south Florida by 
incremental compartmentalization and filling of the shallow inner shelf of the Gulf of 
Mexico. On the small scale of mudbank accretion as well as on the larger scale of 
incremental shelf filling, deposition is more episodic than continuous. 
1 980 
Hunt, J. H., W. G. Lyons, and F. S. Kennedy (1986) Effects of exposure and confinement on 
spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, used as attractants in the Florida trap fishery. US NMFS. 
Fish. Bull. . 84(1):69-76. 
Traps in the south Florida spiny lobster fishery were baited with live sublegal-sized 
lobsters (shorts), many of which are exposed for considerable periods aboard vessels 
before being placed in traps and returned to the sea. Average mortality rate of lobsters 
exposed 0.5 1, 2, and 4 hr in controlled field tests was 26.3% after 4 weeks of 
confinement. About 42% of observed mortality occurred within 1 week after exposure, 
indicating exposure to be a primary cause of death. Neither air temperature during 
exposure nor periodic dampening with seawater had significant effects on mortality 
rate. Mortality among confined lobsters increased markedly in the Atlantic ocean side 
but not in Florida Bay during the fourth week of confinement following exposure, 
probably because more natural food organisms entering traps from nearby seagrass 
beds delayed starvation at the latter site. Mortality caused by baiting traps with shorts 
may produce economic losses in dockside landings estimated to range from $1.5 to $9.0 
million annually. Mortality studies were conducted four times during 1980 in Florida 
Bay, and six times during 1981 and 1982 in the Atlantic reefs. 
1980 0 
Mitchell-Tapping, H. J. (1980) Depositional history of the oolite of the Miami limestone 
formation. Fla. Sci. . 43(2): 11 6-25. 
[DATE OF SAMPLING UNKNOWN OR NOT APPLICABLE.] The Pleistocene Miami Limestone 
Formation presently consists of the Miami Oolite and Key Largo Reef facies. It is 
proposed here that the Miami Oolite facies be considered as two separate units within 
the Miami Limestone Formation and penecontemporaneous to the Key Largo Reef 
limestone. The lower unit is called the Key West Oolite and the upper is called the Fort 
Dallas Oolite. The Fort Dallas unit is considered an eolian dune field formed by the 
breakdown of various oolitic marine bars across the mouth of Florida Bay, while the 
Key West unit is the remnants of some of these bars formed behind the Key Largo Reef 
in Sangamon time. This new division of the Miami Limestone Formation was based on 
field outcrops, above and below the water, the fossils, well cuttings, and an SEM study 
of the ooids. 
258 
