CONTENTS (continued) 
2.5.3. Common Reed.2-20 
2.5.4. Green Crab.2-21 
3. INFORMATION AND RESEARCH NEEDS AND GAPS.3-1 
3.1. INFORMATION NEEDS FOR STATE MANAGERS.3-1 
3.1.1. Information Needs for Effective Leadership and Coordination in a 
Changing Climate.3-1 
3.1.2. Information Needs for Effective Prevention Activities in a Changing 
Climate.3-2 
3.1.2.1. Information Needs Related to Pathways.3-2 
3.1.2.2. Information Needs Related to Prediction Models and Risk 
Analyses.3-3 
3.1.2.3. Information Needs Related to Monitoring.3-5 
3.1.3. Information Needs for Effective Early Detection and Rapid Response in 
a Changing Climate.3-5 
3.1.4. Information Needs for Effective Control and Management in a Changing 
Climate.3-6 
3.1.5. Information Needs for Effective Restoration in a Changing Climate.3-7 
3.1.6. Information Needs for Effective Information Management in a Changing 
Climate.3-7 
3.1.7. Information Needs for Effective Public Education in a Changing Climate.3-7 
3.2. RESEARCH NEEDS ON AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES AND CLIMATE 
CHANGE.3-8 
3.2.1. Climate-Change Effects on Invasive Species.3-8 
3.2.2. Interacting Stressors.3-9 
4. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND NEXT STEPS.4-1 
4.1. INCORPORATING CLIMATE INTO AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES 
LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION ACTIVITIES.4-2 
4.2. IDENTIFYING AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES THREATS UNDER 
CHANGING CONDITIONS.4-2 
4.3. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CHANGING 
CONDITIONS AND DESIGNING RESILIENT RESTORATION.4-3 
4.4. IMPROVING CONTROL MEASURES UNDER CHANGING CONDITIONS.4-3 
4.5. MANAGING INFORMATION UNDER CHANGING CONDITIONS.4-4 
4.6. NEXT STEPS FOR RESEARCHERS AND MANAGERS.4-4 
REFERENCES.R-l 
APPENDIX A: AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES: 
50-STATE SUMMARY.A-l 
IV 
