CONTENTS 
LIST OF TABLES.vi 
FOREWORD.vii 
PREFACE.viii 
AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS.ix 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.x 
1. INTRODUCTION.1-1 
1.1. ORGANIZATION OF REPORT.1-1 
1.2. GLOBAL CHANGE.1-2 
1.3. INVASIVE SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS.1-3 
1.4. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS.1-6 
1.5. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON INVASIVE SPECIES.1-9 
1.6. INTERACTING GLOBAL CHANGE STRESSORS.1-11 
1.7. CLIMATE CHANGE AND INVASIVE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS.1-13 
1.7.1. Models to Assess Climate-Change Impacts on Species Distributions.1-13 
1.7.2. Models to Assess Invasive Species Distributions.1-15 
2. MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES IN A CHANGING 
CLIMATE.2-1 
2.1. STATE MANAGERS’ REPORTED CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS.2-1 
2.2. MANAGEMENT PLANS AS BLUEPRINTS FOR ACTION.2-3 
2.3. RESEARCH RESULTS: STATE PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE 
AND AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES.2-4 
2.3.1. Understanding and Incorporating Potential Impacts Resulting from 
Climate Change.2-6 
2.3.2. Capacity to Adapt Goals and Activities to Changing Conditions.2-7 
2.3.3. Monitoring Strategies.2-7 
2.3.4. Plan Revisions and Funding.2-9 
2.3.5. Adaptive Capacity in Regional Plans.2-9 
2.3.6. Conclusions about Adaptive Capacity as Illustrated in State and 
Regional Plans.2-10 
2.4. ADAPTING STATE PROGRAMS, ACTIVITIES, AND PLANS TO 
INCORPORATE CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS.2-11 
2.4.1. Adapting Leadership and Coordination Activities.2-11 
2.4.2. Adapting Prevention Activities.2-12 
2.4.3. Adapting Early Detection and Rapid Response Activities.2-15 
2.4.4. Adapting Control and Management Activities.2-15 
2.4.5. Adapting Restoration Activities.2-16 
2.4.6. Adapting Information Management Activities.2-16 
2.4.7. Adapting Public Education Activities.2-17 
2.5. EXAMPLE MANAGEMENT RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE.2-17 
2.5.1. Zebra Mussels.2-18 
2.5.2. Water Hyacinth.2-19 
iii 
