A.4.4. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS 
• The “Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers Program” and the 100th Meridian both inform watercraft 
operators/owners and marina operators to take proper precautions against AIS. 
A.4.5. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION USED 
• Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services has conducted a programmatic 
environmental assessment for the weevil. 
• U.S. Department of Agriculture has used research carried out by the University of 
Arizona on new attempts at biocontrol and methods currently employed in other 
countries. 
• USFWS, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and AZGFD have sponsored preliminary 
investigations into genetic biocontrol. AZGFD and AZDA have also conducted some 
monitoring. 
• The GSTF is monitoring the spread of giant salvinia and attempting to document 
efficacy. 
A.4.6. RESEARCH NEEDS 
• Effective control methods for crayfish need to be developed. The University of Arizona 
is undertaking research into crayfish life histories in an effort to identify vulnerabilities 
for population control. 
• Advantages and disadvantages of biological, mechanical, and chemical control options 
need to be determined for hydrilla, salvinia, and other aquatic nuisance plants. 
• Information on how to coordinate activities of multiple state agencies with overlapping 
jurisdiction needs to be gathered. 
• Research the effectiveness of weevils for biocontrol is needed, though this is hampered 
by a lack of funding. 
A-20 
