strategies, including studies on the distribution and preferences of the milfoil weevil 
(Euhrychiopsis lecontei ) and a search for plant pathogens, are underway. A continuing 
statewide surveillance and mapping program of aquatic vegetation began in 2004. From 
2004-2006, 126 lakes, including small private ponds, have been surveyed using global 
positioning system technology and GIS. Reference plants are being obtained from each 
water body and are being cataloged at CTAES herbaria and the University of 
Connecticut. Plant samples are also being frozen at -80°C for future molecular 
identification. Water chemistry and sediment data are being gathered from each lake to 
assess the preferences of nuisance plants and to determine the potential for other lakes to 
become infested. 
A.8.3. CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS 
• Residents release water hyacinth and water lettuce from their water gardens into state 
waters. With a warming trend, these species could overwinter and set seed, although 
there is no evidence of overwintering yet. 
• A longer growing season could cause water chestnut to sprout earlier, persist longer into 
the fall, and produce more seeds. Water chestnut produce seeds more than once, 
flowering through the summer and fall before they start decomposing. A warmer climate 
would therefore make for a longer growing period. These plants might also grow faster 
with more light. 
• There is a need for the development and update of lists of potential “new invaders.” 
Early Detection and Rapid Response programs need to be developed and made 
operational for all taxonomic groups as the potential for new non-native invasive species 
may increase due to climatic changes. 
A.8.4. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS 
• Coastal habitats are being restored (e.g., Phragmites control in saltwater tidal marshes). 
This restoration includes the re-establishment of tidal flows and the reintroduction of 
saltwater, both of which result in a gradual replacement of Phragmites by native 
vegetation. 
A.8.5. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION USED 
• Phragmites control methods include restoring tidal flows, mowing, herbicide application, 
and herbicide application with mowing, before selecting the herbicide glyphosate. 
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