AIS Advisory Group, DLNR, DAR. This council sets priorities in AIS management. It 
is composed of members of federal, state, and other organizations involved in AIS issues. 
A.12.3. CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS 
• Climate change is linked to the increase in mosquito populations (which have an aquatic 
life stage), which reduces the population of local forest birds. 
• Increased levels of greenhouse gases may negatively impact corals. A recent study 
conducted by a coral reef biologist from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology found 
that coral does not produce as much calcium carbonate under increased levels of carbon 
dioxide, because higher levels of carbon dioxide can result in a decline in ocean pH, 
leading to more acidic conditions. 
A.12.4. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS 
(None reported.) 
A.12.5. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION USED 
(None reported.) 
A.12.6. RESEARCH NEEDS 
• Implementation of effective quarantine methods for incoming organisms is needed. 
• Hawaii AIS management would benefit from more efficient detection methods for the 
newest invasive species. There is also a need for a better understanding of species range, 
including whether or not ranges are expanding. While officials have GIS capabilities, a 
staff shortage limits the number of people available to update range maps and do the field 
work. 
• Information about how to smother the mushroom anemone is needed. 
• Officials are developing a proposal for a literature review and research on effective 
control chemicals that will not harm coral reefs. 
• There is a need for mechanisms to predict incoming invasive species. 
• There is a need for more information on control methods, including biocontrols. 
• Technology on cleaning hulls easily and safely is needed. 
. There is a need for information and technology for the control of aquaculture releases. 
While the supersucker is being tested on algae, it is not practical for all areas, especially 
for shallower reefs. 
A-39 
