A.15.4. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS 
(None reported.) 
A.15.5. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION USED 
(None reported.) 
A.15.6. RESEARCH NEEDS 
• Development of effective ballast water treatment technologies for the Great Lakes is 
needed. 
• Research on biocontrol for Phragmites or reed canary grass needs to be conducted. There 
is an active research program to develop biocontrol for Phragmites at Cornell University, 
but more research should be devoted to developing herbicides that are highly selective for 
these plants to reduce damage to non-target wetland plants. 
• Further investigation of biocontrols for Eurasian watermilfoil, curlyleaf pondweed, 
hydrilla, and Brazilian elodea is needed. 
• Continued refinement of herbicides and timing of applications to reduce non-target plant 
damage is needed. 
A-47 
