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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
MEASURES of Weight.— Avoirdupois : i pound equals 
7000 grains; 16 drams, 1 ounce ; 16 ounces, 1 pound; $12 
pounds, 1 hundredweight; 20 hundredweight, 1 ton. Troy : 
1 pound equals 5760 grains ; 24 grains, 1 pennyweight; 20 
pennyweights, 1 ounce ; 12 ounces, 1 pound. Apothecaries' : 
1 pound equals 5760 grains ; 20 grains, 1 scruple ; 3 scruples, 
1 dram; 8 drams, 1 ounce; 12 ounces, 1 pound. Metric: 1 
kilogramme equals 1000 grammes, equals 2.2 Avoirdupois 
pounds. 
MEASURES OF Length.— Customary : 12 inches equal 1 
foot; 16% feet, 1 rod; 40 rods, 1 furlong; 8 furlongs, 1 statute 
mile; 1 statute mile, 5280 feet or 1760 yards ; 1 marine league, 
3 nautical miles; 1 fathom, 6 feet; 1 nautical mile equals 
6080.2 feet. Metric: 1000 millimetres equal 1 metre; 1000 
metres, 1 kilometre; 1 metre equals 39.37 inches. 
Surface or Square Measure .— Customary: 144 
square inches equal 1 square foot; 9 square feet, 1 square 
yard; 30.25 square yards, 1 square rod; 40 square rods, 1 
square rood; 4 square roods, iacre; 640 acres, 1 square mile ; 
1 acre equals 208.7 feet square. Metric : 1 square metre equals 
1 acre; 100acres, 1 hectare ; 1 hectare equals about 2.5 (2.47) 
acres. 
Solid or Cubic Measure.— Customary: 1728 cubic 
inches equal 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet, 1 cubic yard; 40 
cubic feet of round timber, 1 ton ; 50 cubic feet of hewn tim¬ 
ber, 1 ton ; 128 cubic feet of wood (4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet), 
1 cord; 24.75 cubic feet of stone, 1 perch — usually 16 y 2 feet by 
x% feet by 1 foot, but varies greatly. Metric: 1000 cubic 
centimetres equal 1 litre, equals .946 quart. 
LIQUID Measure.—E nglish gallon equals 277.463 cubic 
inches ; U. S. gallon equals 231 cubic inches ; 4 gills, 1 pint; 
2 pints, 1 quart; 4 quarts, 1 gallon. 
Dry MEASURE.—1 bushel equals 2150.42 cubic inches; 
2 pints, 1 quart; 4 quarts, 1 gallon ; 2 gallons, 1 peck; 4 pecks, 
1 bushel. Metric : 10 millilitres equal 1 centilitre; 10 centi¬ 
litres, 1 decilitre; 10 decilitres, 1 litre; 1 litre, 1.06 quarts. 
Pounds per Bushel.— The weight per bushel of dif¬ 
ferent articles differs in different States. Revised Statutes 
of the U. S., Sec. 2919: “ For the purpose of estimating the 
duties on importations of grain, the number of bushels shall 
be ascertained by weight instead of by measuring; and sixty 
pounds of wheat, fifty-six pounds of corn, fifty-six pounds 
of barley, thirty-two pounds of oats, sixty pounds of peas, 
and forty pounds of buckwheat, avoirdupois weight, shall 
respectively be estimated as a bushel.” 
Capacity of Boxes. 
25 in. sq., 11.66 in. deep = Approx. 1 wine barrel. 
9.10 “ 
“ x 14 in. 9.00 “ 
“ x 12 “ 9.00 “ 
“square,8.40 “ 
“ “ 4.20 “ 
“ diam., 6.00 “ 
1 wine half barrel. 
1 bushel. 
1 peck. ' 
1 gal. (dry measure). 
1 gal. (liquid measure). 
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s&IPI: 
COMPARATIVE YIELD 
IN POUNDS PER ACRE. 
Hops. 442 
Wheat. 1,260 
Barley. 1,600 
Oats. 1,840 
Peas. 1,920 
Beans. 2,000 
Plums.2,000 
Cherries.2,000 
Onions. 2,800 
Hay. 4,000 
Pears. 5,000 
Carrots.6,800 
Grass. 7,000 
Potatoes .... 7,5°° 
Apples. 8,000 
Turnips. 8,420 
Cabbages ... 10,900 
Parsnips ....11,200 
PERCENTAGE OF NUTRITION IN 
VARIOUS ARTICLES OF FOOD. 
Cucumbers.... 2 
Melons. 3 
Turnips.4% 
Milk. 7 
Cabbage. 7% 
Currants.10 
Eggs.13 
Beets. 14 
Apples.16 
Peaches.20 
Boiled codfish.21 
Potatoes.22% 
Fried veal.24 
Roast pork... .24 
Roast poultry.26 
Beef..26 
Grapes.27 
Plums.29 
Broiled mutton30 
Oatmeal p’dge 75 
Rye bread. 79 
Boiled beans... .87 
Boiled rice.88 
Barley bread.... 88 
Wheat bread... .90 
Bakedcornbread9i 
Boiled barley .. .92 
Butter. 93 
Boiled peas.93 
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS OF 
THE UNITED STATES. 
Barley, bushels.. 
Buckwheat, “ .. 
Butter andcheese, 
tons. 
Cotton, bales . 
Flax, bushels. 
Hay, tons. 
Hops, pounds 
72,760,000 
11,000,000 
610,000 
6,717,142 
11,104,440 
50,000,000 
. .1,987,790,000 
Oats, bushels.661,035,000 
Oranges, boxes.... 7,000,000 
Peanuts, bushels .. 2,600,000 
Potatoes, “ ..155,000,000 
Rye, “ .. 3 X » 75 °» 000 
Sugar, pounds.481,270,222 
Tobacco, “ 565 » 795 » 00 ° 
Wheat, bushels-515,949.000 
Indian corn, bu. .1,628,464,000 Wool, pounds.294,000,000 
Live stock.—N umber of horses, 16,206,802; mules, 
2,321,128; cows, 16,424,087; oxen and other cattle, 35»954» x 96 > 
sheep, 47. 2 73.553; swine, 46,094,807. 
TO MEASURE CORN IN CRIB, ETC. 
This rule will apply to a crib of any size or kind. Two 
cubic feet of good, sound, dry corn in the ear will make a 
bushel of shelled corn. To get, then, the quantity of shelled 
corn in a crib of corn in the ear, measure the length, breadth, 
and height of the crib inside of the rail; multiply the length 
by the breadth, and the product by the height; then divide 
the product by two, and you have the number of bushels of 
shelled corn in the crib. 
To find the number of bushels of apples, potatoes, etc., in 
a bin, multiply the length, breadth, and thickness together, 
and this product by 8, and point off one figure in the product 
for decimals. 
