2^2 7he Hijlory of ANIMALS, 
upper jaw is longer than the under, and at the extremity of the under jaw there is a 
cirrus or beard white, moderately thick, of a flelhy colour, and about half an inch 
in length : the teeth are very numerous 5 there are feveral feries of them in the 
upper jaw, but the exterior feries is longed;: in the anterior part of the palate there 
is a bone of a lunated figure, which is furniihed with teeth $ and in the fauces there 
are two roundifti bones above, and two oblong ones below, all four befet with very 
fharp, though not very tall, teeth; there is a furrow between the head and the firft 
fin of the back, which is very obfervable in the larger fifh : the lateral line is broad, 
and of a whidfh colour; it is much nearer the back than the belly, and it is fome- 
wbat crooked : the fcales are extreamly fmall, and are of a roundifh, or elfe of a 
fomewhat oval, figure; they are of a whitifh colour: the back and part of the fides 
of the fifh are of a dufky colour, but there are a number of fmall fpots, of a black- 
ifh, or fometimes of a brownifh or yellowifh, colour on the back, the fides, and 
the head. 
The belly is white, but it has fometimes a number of black fpots on it$ there are 
three fins on the back, and they are all of a blackifh colour: the firft of thefe has 
fourteen or fifteen rays j the fecond has eighteen, nineteen, or twenty rays ; and the 
third has feventeen or eighteen : there are two pinnae ani; the one has eighteen, nine¬ 
teen, or twenty rays; and the other or hinder has fixteen, feventeen, or eighteen: the 
pe&oral fins have each twenty rays, and the belly fins have only fix each : the tall is 
fmall, in proportion to the bulk of the fifh, and is even at the end : the vertebra are 
fifty-three, and the ribs eighteen on a fide. 
This fpecies is frequent in our feas, and in thofe of mofl other parts of the world, 
and is of vaft ufe, as provifion, both frefh and preferved in fait, in which laft ftate it 
becomes a very confiderable article of commerce. Ray, Willughby, and Schoneveldt 
call it Afellus varius five flriatus ; Jonfton and others, Afellus varius; we call it the 
Cod and Cod-fifh ; the Swedes Sma Torfk. 
Gadus corpore albicante , maxillafuperiore longiore , cauda 
parum bifurca. 
"The, white Gadus, with the upper jaw fomewhat longeft\ 
and a forked tail. 
This grows to a confiderable fize : the head is large, and of the fame figure with that 
of the former fpecies: the noftrils are confpicuous, and have a double aperture ; the eyes 
are large j the opening of the mouth is alfo wide, and is furnifhed with a great num¬ 
ber of teeth ; the upper jaw ftands out to fome diftance beyond the under one, and at 
the extremity of the under one there is a fmall and fingle cirrus or beard : the back, 
from the head to the firft fin, is contracted at it’s top into a kind of ridge; the belly 
is flat, and of a fine, elegant, milk white : the lateral line is nearly ftraight; it runs 
near the back, and is of a black colour ; the reft of the body is of a greyifh-white, 
but the back is dufkier than the reft, and has no variegations. 
We have this fpecies alfo in our own feas in great abundance, as well as in thofe of 
moft other parts of the world } the antients were very well acquainted with it. Pliny 
calls it Callaris; and Charleton recounts the antient names of Callaris Galeridea and 
Galaxias j others call it Pifcis Capicofus; Bellonius, fEglefinus and fEgrefinus j Gefner, 
Rondelet, and others, Afellorum tertia fpecies Eglefinus; Schoneveldt, Afellus minor 5 
and Turner and fome others. Onus five Afinus antiquorum 3 we call it the Pladdock $ 
the Danes, Kole, 
Gadus longitudine ad latitudinem tripla pinna ani often - 
lorum triginta. 
The Gadus , with it s length equal to three times its breadth , f&OUt* 
and with thirty rays in the pinna ani . - / 
The head of this fpecies is large, and it’s upper jaw is a little longer than the un¬ 
der : on the extremity of the under jaw there is a fingle cirrus or beard of fix or feven 
lines in length : the back is convex; the body is, in it’s general fhape, like that of 
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