234 
The Hifiory of ANIMALS* 
GAD I. Divifion the Third\ 
Thofe which have only two fins on the back . 
Gadus dorfo dipterygio , maxilla inferiore longiore . 
The Gadus , with two hack fins i and with the lower jaw longefi. 
T his is a confiderably large fpecies ; it frequently grows to two feet in length, 
and fometimes to confiderably more; but it is the flenderefl of all the fpecies, in 
proportion to it’s length: the head is large and broad ; the body is rounded $ the back 
is convex ; the belly is fomewhat flatted, but lefs fo than in many of the other fpecies ; 
the Aides are full and prominent ; the colour on the back is a dufky greyifh, with an 
admixture of brown ; the Ades are of a Alvery grey, with fome admixture of the 
fame brownifh colour, but in fmall proportion ; the belly is of a milky white ; the 
tail is large, and is even at the extremity, not at all forked or hollowed. 
There are two Ans on the back ; the firfl has only nine rays; the other, or hinder 
one, is much longer, and has forty ; the pedtoral fins have twelve or thirteen each, and 
the ventral ones feven j the pinna ani has thirty-nine rays; all the fins are of a greyifii 
colour, with more or lefs admixture of black. 
We have this fpecies frequent in our feas. The antients were acquainted with it; 
they call it "Ov©* and ©> ■ and fome of them ; Pliny calls it Bacchus; 
Bellonius and Gefner, Merbricus; Ovid, Varro, and many other of the Latin wri¬ 
ters call it fimply Afellus; Salvian,-Afellus minor; Charleton, Afellus fufcus; and 
others, Afellus primus five Merbricus. We call it the Hake; the Italians, Merluzzo ; 
and the French, Merlus. Salvian’s figure has a ftrange inaccuracy in it; it gives two 
pinnas ani, and but one back fin, the contrary of which is in nature, the pinna ani be¬ 
ing fingle, and the dorfal ones two. 
Gadus dorfo dipterygio , ore cirrato , ?naxilla fuperiore longiore . 
The cirrated Gadus y with two back fins , and with the upper 
jaw longefi . 
mt 
This fpecies in fome degree approaches to the hake in fhape, but it is fufficiently 
diftindt in many particulars: the head is large, broad, and deprefled, and the opening 
of the mouth very wide, and furnifhed with a great number of fharp teeth : the eyes 
are large, but not very prominent; the noflrils have each a double aperture, but they 
are not very confpicuous: the body is very long, in proportion to it’s thicknefs, and is 
not flat but rounded: the back is convex, and of a deep, blackifh, brown colour; 
the fides are prominent, and of a paler brownifh-grey, and the belly is flatted, and of 
a fine milky white: the firfl of the two back fins is fhort, and has only fifteen rays; 
the other is greatly longer, and has no lefs than fixty-five rays: the pedtoral fins have 
each fifteen rays, and the ventral ones only fix each : the pinna ani is tough and long; 
it has fixty-two rays. 
This is frequent in many of the European, as well as the American, Seas. Charle¬ 
ton calls it Molva major and Morhua major; Ray, Willughby, and Schoneveldt, 
Afellus longus; the Swedes, Longa; and we, Ling. 
Gadus fulco ad pinnam dorfi prima?n ore cirrato . 
The cirrated Gadus, with a furrow at the firfi back fin. 
fid). 
This is a fmall fpecies: it's ufual length is about eight inches, and it’s thicknefs not 
great, in proportion : the head is large, and fomewhat deprefled; the opening of the 
mouth is large, and the eyes are prominent; the back is convex, and of a dufky 
brown, with an admixture of an iron grey : the head is of the fame colour, but more 
glofly, and with fomewhat of an admixture of olive colour: the fides are of a paler 
and fomewhat filvery grey, with no brown in it $ and the belly is fomewhat flatted 
and white; there is a remarkable furrow on the anterior part of the back, out of 
which the firfl; of the two back fins arifes: this has about twenty rays; the fecond is 
much 
