246 The Hiftory of ANIMALS, 
other names, as if of two different fpecies, befide the ordinary one. Under the one of 
thefe appearances, Mian, Athenaeus, and Oppian call it ’Opxw<^5 and from them Pliny, 
Gefner, and Aldrovand, Orcynus; Salvian has figured it in this ftate, under the name 
of Limofa, Under another appearance, Ariftotle, Athenreus, and Oppian have called 
it Tiyxct^g ; and from hence Pliny, Bellonius, and others have called it Pelamys, and Pe- 
lamis vera, Thynnus Ariftotelis 3 Gaza calls it Limaria: and,finally, the old Greeks have 
alfo defcribed it over-again, under the name of 5 and hence others have called it 
alfo the Cordylus and Cordyla. All thefe names have been given it, only from the 
error of fuppofing the fpecies different, when fifh have been caught of different fizes, 
under the full growth. 
Scomber linea laterali aculeata 3 pinna ani officulorum 
triginta . 3Cf)e 
The Scomber , with the lateral line prickly y and with 
thirty rays in the pinna ani . 
This fpecies is, by the generality of the world, fuppofed to be the fame with the 
common mackarel5 we eat it under the name of the fame fifh, but diftinguifh it not to 
be equal in flavour to what we take to be the fame in a higher feafon 5 but it is an 
error 3 the Horfe-mackarel, as we call it, is a very diftind fpecies, nor has the charac¬ 
ters, any more than the tafte, of the common kind. 
It’s ufual length is about eleven inches, but it will grow to fourteen or fif¬ 
teen : the head is large and compreffed 3 the eyes are large, and their pupil round 3 the 
iris is of a filvery hue, with a mixture of changeable colours in it: the back is convex, 
as is alfo the belly; the fides are fomewhat prominent, but the body is of a much 
more compreffed form than that of the common mackarel: the lateral line is crooked 
and ferrated, and there is a furrow or depreflion in the middle of the back : the 
mouth is very large, and the teeth are numerous and fharp 5 the jaws, the palate, 
the tongue, and the fauces are all furnifhed with them : there are two fins on the back 3 
the firfl: has only eight rays, the fecond has thirty-four : the pedoral fins have twenty 
rays each, the ventral ones fix, and the pinna ani has thirty 3 the two firfl: of thefe are 
aculeated : the tail is very deeply forked : the back of the fifh is of a deep blackifh co¬ 
lour, with an admixture of bluifh and greenifh 3 the fides are elegantly variegated with 
blue, green, and black 5 the belly is of a filvery white. 
We have this in great abundance in our own feas 3 it is caught, in grqat quantities, a 
little before the mackarel-feafon, and is brought to London, where it is fold under the 
name of the Horfe-mackarel 3 we alfo, in fome places, call it the Scad : the antients were 
very well acquainted with it. Ariftotle calls it 2*^©* 3 Mian, T> Athenaeus, 
Oppian, and Galen alfo call it by the latter name 3 Paulus Jovius and Salvian call it 
alfo Saurus 5 Bellonius, Lacertus five Trachurus3 Gefner, Lacertorum genus quod 
Trachurum Grasci appellant 5 others call it Amply Trachurus and Lacertus 3 the Itali¬ 
ans, Sauro. 
Scomber ofjiculo ultimo primce dorfalis fecundee prcelongo , 3C|)£ 
The Scomber , with the lajl ray of the hinder dorfal fin very long. 
This is one of thofe fpecies which have only the two principal fins on the back, 
without any of the little pinnules, which in the others run from the hinder fin to the 
tail: the fifh is nearly of the fhape of the common mackarel, but it is greatly larger 3 
it’s ufual length is about three feet 5 it’s head is large and compreffed, and the body is 
alfo fomewhat comprefled, but the fides are thick and flefhy : the eyes are large 3 the 
anterior apertures of the noftrils are very confpicuous: the back is convex, and of a 
deep bluifh-black: the fides are, on the upper part, elegantly variegated with green, 
blue, and black 5 and the lower part of them, as alfo the belly, are whitifh and fii- 
very, tho’ often there is a flight tinge of flefh colour : the body grows fmall toward the 
tail, and is of a fomewhat fquared figure in that part : the mouth is large, and well- 
fur niflied with teeth 5 they fiand on the tongue and palate in great numbers, as well as 
in the jaws and fauces. 
The pedoral fins have each twenty rays 5 the ventral fins have only fix rays each : 
the anterior back fin has only five rays, but the pofterior one has thirty-four 3 this is 
2 lowefl; 
